TWIGS Volcanic Eruption Unit Vocab P. 1 Rock Formation Vocabular

What is the process called when layers of sediment are pressed together, reducing the space between grains and squeezing out water?

• Cementation

• Compaction

• Crystallization

• Erosion

Answer explanation

The process of compaction occurs when layers of sediment are pressed together, reducing the space between grains and squeezing out water. This is distinct from cementation, crystallization, and erosion.

Rocks that are formed from the cooling of magma are called (a)   rocks.

• Igneous
• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Answer explanation

Rocks formed from the cooling of magma are called igneous rocks. They can form either beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive) after volcanic eruptions.

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by natural forces like wind and rain?

• Erosion

• Weathering

• Crystallization

• Cementation

Answer explanation

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by natural forces like wind and rain. Erosion, on the other hand, involves the movement of these particles after they have been weathered.

Which process involves the movement of weathered rock and soil from one place to another?

• Erosion

• Compaction

• Crystallization

• Cementation

Answer explanation

Erosion is the process that involves the movement of weathered rock and soil from one location to another, often caused by wind, water, or ice. This distinguishes it from compaction, crystallization, and cementation, which do not involve movement.

What type of rock is formed as a result of the cementation of layers of sediments?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Crystallized

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the cementation of layers of sediments over time. This process involves the compaction and binding of particles, distinguishing them from igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which process is crucial in the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks through the formation of crystals?

• Erosion

• Compaction

• Crystallization

• Weathering

Answer explanation

Crystallization is the key process in forming igneous and metamorphic rocks, as it involves the cooling and solidification of molten material, leading to the growth of crystals. This distinguishes it from erosion, compaction, and weathering.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

What is the term for rocks that are formed when existing rocks are transformed by heat or pressure?

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

• Eroded

Answer explanation

Rocks formed by the transformation of existing rocks through heat or pressure are called metamorphic rocks. This distinguishes them from sedimentary rocks, which form from sediment, and igneous rocks, which form from molten material.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

The process that describes the hardening of compacted layers of sediment into sedimentary rock is called (a)   .

• Crystallization
• Cementation
• Erosion
• Weathering

Answer explanation

Cementation is the process where dissolved minerals precipitate and fill the spaces between sediment particles, binding them together and hardening them into sedimentary rock. This distinguishes it from erosion and weathering.

Match the following rock types with their formation processes.

• Formed from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles.

• 
• Formed from cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

• 
• Formed from the breakdown of rocks by weathering and erosion.

• 
• Formed from the transformation of sedimentary or igneous rocks due to heat or pressure.

• 

Answer explanation

Metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks, including sedimentary and igneous, under heat and pressure. This process alters their mineral composition and structure, distinguishing them from the other rock types.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2