Produces monsters - Enlightened assumptions

Early thinker, considers role of monarch, hereditary powers & property.

What is a key principle of the social contract theory as it relates to the authority of the state?

The authority of the state is derived from the consent of the governed.

The state has unlimited power over its citizens.

The state should control all economic resources.

Citizens have no right to overthrow their government.

How did the Enlightenment ideas of Locke and Montesquieu influence the Bill of Rights?

By advocating for the protection of individual liberties and rights.

By ensuring the inclusion of economic policies.

By emphasizing the importance of a strong military.

By promoting the establishment of a national religion.

What is the social contract theory?

A theory that suggests people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior.

A theory that states the government should own and control everything.

A theory that supports the idea of a hereditary monarchy.

A theory that promotes the idea of anarchy.

How did John Locke's ideas influence the American Founding Fathers?

Through his concept of natural rights, which influenced the Declaration of Independence

By promoting the idea of a strong central government

By advocating for the abolition of slavery

By suggesting the direct election of the President

What was a common belief among the Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Montesquieu regarding government?

That government should reflect the will of the people.

That a strong, centralized authority was necessary.

That monarchies were the best form of government.

That governments were unnecessary and should be abolished.

Why is the social contract theory important for modern democracies?

It justifies the existence of laws and government.

It promotes the idea of a monarchy.

It suggests that all power should be concentrated in the hands of a few.

It encourages citizens to rebel against their government.

How did Hobbes sum up people's quality of life in a state of nature ?

poor, nasty, brutish, and short

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

fulfilling, long-lived, philosophical, and introspective

scared, hungry, lonely, and cold

During the Age of Enlightenment, what did the principle of majority rule represent?

The principle that decisions should be made based on the preference of the greater number of people, ensuring democratic governance.

The idea that a single ruler or monarch should have absolute power over decisions.

The belief that only the wealthiest individuals should have a say in government.

The notion that laws and policies should be determines solely by religious authorities.

What did the concept of property rights emphasize?

The principle that individuals have the right to own, use, and transfer property, protected by law from unjust seizure.

The idea that only monarchs and nobles had the right to own land and resources.

The belief that governments should control all property to maintain order.

The notion that property should be equally distributed among all people regardless of effort or ownership.

What did the concept of universal suffrage advocate for?

The principle that all individuals, regardless of wealth or status, should have the right to vote in political decisions.

The belief that only the wealthy and educated should have the right to vote.

The idea that voting rights should be restricted to male landowners.

The notion that only religious leaders should determine government policies through divine guidance.

Who were the philosophes?

Intellectuals and thinkers who promoted reason, individual rights, and progress through philosophy, science, and political theory.

Political revolutionaries who sought to overthrow all forms of government.

Religious leaders who rejected scientific reason and promoted traditional beliefs.

Military strategists who focused on expanding empires through warfare and conquest.

Who was Montesquieu, and what was his key contribution?

A political thinker who advocated for the separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny and protect liberty.

A philosopher who argues for absolute monarchy as the best form of government.

A scientist who focused on developing new theories in chemistry and physics.

A military leader who sought to expand European empires through conquest.

Who was Denis Diderot and what was his key contribution?

A philosopher and writer who complies and edited the Encyclopedia, promoting knowledge, reason, and intellectual freedom.

A political leader who advocated for monarchy and rejected the Enlightenment ideals

A scientist who made groundbreaking discoveries in physics and astronomy.

A military strategist who focused on expanding European colonial power.

Who was Voltaire and what was his key contribution?

A philosopher and writer who championed freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and criticism of oppressive institutions.

A political leader who supported absolute monarchy and censorship.

A scientist who made significant contributions to the study of gravity and motion.

A military general who sought to expand European empires through warfare.

What was the concept of the Divine Right of Kings

The belief that kings received their power directly from God, making their authority absolute and unquestionable.

The belief that monarchs derived their authority from the consent of the people and should be elected.

The idea that rulers were chosen by religious leaders and could be removed by the church.

The principle that all government decisions should be based on democratic voting and majority rule.

Who was Blaise Pascal and what was his key contribution?

A philosopher and mathematician who made significant contributions to probability theory, physics, and religious philosophy.

A political thinker who advocated for democracy and the separation of powers.

A scientist who discovered the laws of planetary motion.

A military leader who expanded European territories through warfare.

Who was Isaac Newton and what was his key contribution?

A scientist and mathematician who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, revolutionizing physics.

A philosopher who promoted the ideas of the social contract and government by the people.

A political thinker who argues for the separation of church and state.

A physician who developed the first successful vaccine against smallpox.

Who was Galileo Galilei and what was his key contribution?

A scientist and astronomer who improved the telescope, supported heliocentrism, and laid the foundation for modern physics.

A philosopher who developed the concept of the separation of powers in government.

A political thinker who advocated for democracy and individual rights.

A mathematician who discovered the laws of planetary motion.

Who was Nicolaus Copernicus and what was his key contribution?

A scientist who proposed the heliocentric theory, stating that the Sun, not the Earth, is center of the solar system.

A philosopher who argues the necessity of an absolute monarchy to maintain order.

A mathematician who developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

A religious leader who reinforced the geocentric model and opposed scientific discoveries.

What was the concept of empiricism ?

The philosophical approach that knowledge is gained through sensory experience, observation, and experimentation.

The belief that knowledge comes primarily from divine revelation and religious teachings.

The idea that reason alone, without observation, is the only path to true knowledge.

The theory that absolute monarchy is the best form of government because rulers are chosen by God.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic approach to investigation based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning to develop and test hypotheses.

A process of relying solely on religious texts to explain natural phenomena.

A belief that knowledge should be based on traditions and the authority of ancient scholars.

A political philosophy that emphasized monarchy as the only rational form of government.

What was "The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters" ?

An artwork by Francisco Goya that symbolized the dangers of ignorance and superstition when reason is abandoned.

A scientific theory that explained the causes of nightmares and sleep disorders.

A political manifesto advocating for the return of absolute monarchy.

A philosophical essay arguing that dreams are the key to understanding human nature.

Who was Francisco de Goya and what was his key contribution?

A Spanish painter and printmaker known for his works that critiqued society, politics, and the consequences of irrationality.

A military strategist who led European forces during the Napoleonic Wars.

A scientist who made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and physics.

A philosopher who developed theories on social contracts and democratic governance.

What was Joseph Wright's An Experiment on a Bird in the Air-Pump?

A painting that depicted a dramatic scientific experiment, symbolizing the Enlightenment's focus on reason, discovery, and the tension between science and emotion.

A political pamphlet advocating for democratic governance and individual rights.

A scientific study on the effects of air pressure on living organisms.

A religious artwork illustrating the divine power of nature over human knowledge.

History& 128 The Age of Science/Enlightenment - Key Terms

Authored by Ava Parkhurst

History

University

Used 6+ times

History& 128 The Age of Science/Enlightenment - Key Terms

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

State of Nature

Mythical situation in which people lived without any legal codes or contract, free to do what they please without restrictions or protections of society.

Mythical unwritten agreement among people living in "state of nature" to establish some form of government; defines rights and obligations of individuals and government.

Material resources/industry controlled by private owners for profit values creative competition.

Human reason will produce progress... when the mind's defenses are down, as in sleep, we are prey to internal monsters.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Social Contract

Emerging ideas that all individuals, regardless of status or wealth, should have the right to vote, challenging traditional notions of political power being reserved for the elite.

Systematic process of empirical observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning uses to test hypotheses and developed knowledge based of evidence rather than tradition or religious doctrine.

Mythical unwritten agreement among people living in "state of nature" to establish some form of government; defines rights and obligations of individuals and government.

Set of ideas or system of thought that shapes how one interprets the world.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Hobbes saw human beings as __________.

Kind and Selfless

Selfish and Aggressive

Self-Interested, but not always violent

Shaped by our experiences in life.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

This Enlightenment thinker believed humans were naturally evil

Hobbes

Locke

Montesquieu

Rousseau

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the natural state of human beings without laws or control?

Peaceful and cooperative

Cruel, greedy, and selfish

Happy and content

Independent and resourceful

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

John Locke

Early thinker, considers role of monarchy, hereditary powers & property

Representative Republicanism, state of nature theory of natural tights (life, liberty)

Monarch derives power from social contract, govern effectively & humanly

"Men are born free & equal in rights"; right to democracy & general will

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Enlightenment Despotism

"Men are born free & equal in rights"; right to democracy & general will

Mythical unwritten agreement among people living in state of nature of establish some form of governments; rights & obligations of individuals government

Mythical situation which people lived without any legal code or contract, free to do what they please; without restrictions or protections of society

Monarch derives power from social contract, govern effectively & humanly

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History& 128 The Age of Science/Enlightenment - Key Terms

State of Nature

Social Contract

Hobbes saw human beings as __________.

This Enlightenment thinker believed humans were naturally evil

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the natural state of human beings without laws or control?

John Locke

Enlightenment Despotism

Rousseau

Which Enlightenment thinker came up with the idea of the separation of powers/three branches of government?

Locke and Rousseau

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