DNA Structure and Function

The twisted ladder shape of a DNA molecule.

• Gene Ladder

• Gene Pool

• Genome

• Double Helix

Deoxyribonucleic Acid: a macromolecule that is responsible for storing and passing on genetic information.

• RNA

• DNA

• Protein

• Ribosomes

The use of science to ID people by their DNA where DNA fragments are sorted by size in a process called gel electrophoresis.

• Punnett Squares

• Mendelian Genetics

• DNA Fingerprinting

• Retinal Scanning

The process of reproducing the genetic code in DNA exactly so each cell in a living thing has an identical copy of DNA instructions.

• DNA Replication

• Translocation

• Cell Cycle

• Mitosis

Coils formed by the thin double helixstrands of DNA, held in place by special proteins called histones to enable safe storage.

• Helicase

• Genomes

• Chromosomes

• Proteins

There are 4 possible Nitrogenous Bases in a DNA nucleotide: Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine and Thymine.

• Nitrogenous Bases

• DNA Molecules

• RNA Molecules

• Ribososmes

The 4 nitrogenous bases, A, T, C, G, are arranged in patterns that become the instructions for building all parts of living things.

• Genetic Code

• Genome

• Geneology

• Hydrogen Bond

The monomers of DNA polymers that consist of a phosphate-sugar backbone and a single nitrogenous base.

• Nucleotides

• Ribosomes

• Translation

• Replication

In DNA, Adenine always pairs with Thymine A-T (Like Apples-Trees), while Cytosine always pairs with Guanine C-G (Like Cars-Garage).

• RNA

• DNA

• Nucleotides

• Base Pairing

The two sides of the double helix that match up to each other (A-T and C-G)

• DNA Polymerase

• Prophase

• Nucleotides

• Complementary Strands