Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment Review

What was John Locke’s main idea about government?

• Governments should have absolute power

• People have natural rights and governments must protect them

• Kings should rule by divine right

• The government should not exist

Montesquieu believed that the best way to prevent tyranny was by:

• Giving all power to one leader

• Creating a democracy without laws

• Dividing government into three branches

• Allowing religious leaders to govern

Which Enlightenment thinker strongly supported freedom of speech?

• Adam Smith

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Mary Wollstonecraft

What was Rousseau’s idea about government?

• It should be based on the "general will" of the people

• It should be controlled by kings

• It should only protect the rich

• It should expand its military power

What was Cesare Beccaria’s main idea about the justice system?

• Torture is an effective punishment

• Punishments should be fair and fit the crime

• The death penalty is necessary for all crimes

• Monarchs should control all court decisions

Which Enlightenment thinker believed people are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler?

• Montesquieu

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Adam Smith

How did John Locke’s ideas influence the American Declaration of Independence?

• It included his ideas about free markets

• It was based on his idea of natural rights and the right to overthrow a bad government

• It followed his belief in absolute monarchy

• It ignored his beliefs about democracy

Why was Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers important?

• It gave more power to kings

• It helped prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful

• It made democracy illegal

What was the major difference between Locke’s and Hobbes’ views on government?

• Locke supported absolute monarchy, while Hobbes supported democracy

• Locke believed in natural rights and democracy, while Hobbes believed in a strong ruler

• Hobbes wanted freedom for all, while Locke wanted only the rich to rule

• Both wanted governments to be ruled by kings

How did the Enlightenment influence modern democracy?

• It encouraged people to accept kings and absolute rulers

• It introduced ideas about human rights, freedom, and fair government