Ionic and Covalent Bonds

What is the octet rule?

• Atoms tend to form bonds to achieve a full outer shell of two electrons.

• Atoms tend to form bonds in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration.

• Atoms can only bond with other atoms that have a similar number of electrons.

• Atoms will always lose electrons to achieve a stable configuration.

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What is a Lewis structure?

• A diagram that shows the arrangement of protons in an atom.

• A diagram that represents the bonding between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons in a molecule.

• A method for calculating the molecular weight of a compound.

• A representation of the electron cloud surrounding an atom.

What is an example of an ionic compound?

• Sodium chloride (NaCl)

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)

• Methane (CH4)

• Glucose (C6H12O6)

What is an example of a covalent compound?

• Water (H2O)

• Sodium chloride (NaCl)

• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

• Iron oxide (Fe2O3)

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What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

• Ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

• Ionic bonds are formed between two nonmetals, while covalent bonds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal.

• Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

• Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds and do not involve any electron transfer.

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What is the molecular structure of carbon dioxide (CO2)?

• One carbon atom single bonded to two oxygen atoms, forming a bent shape.

• One carbon atom double bonded to two oxygen atoms, forming a linear shape.

• Two carbon atoms double bonded to one oxygen atom, forming a triangular shape.

• One carbon atom triple bonded to one oxygen atom, forming a linear shape.

What is a diatomic molecule?

• A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element, such as O2.

• A molecule composed of two atoms, which can be of the same or different elements, such as O2 or HCl.

• A molecule that contains three atoms, such as H2O.

• A molecule that is made up of only one atom, such as He.

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What is the significance of the periodic table in understanding bonding?

• It helps predict bonding behavior based on the position of elements, their electronegativity, and their valence electron configurations.

• It provides a list of all known elements without any specific information about their properties.

• It categorizes elements based on their atomic mass and ignores their chemical behavior.

• It shows the historical development of chemistry and the discovery of elements.

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How do you determine the type of bond between two elements?

• By comparing the atomic masses of the elements

• By comparing the electronegativity values of the two elements

• By analyzing the physical state of the elements

• By measuring the temperature at which the elements react

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Why do atoms form bonds?

• To achieve greater stability by filling their outermost energy level.

• To increase their mass and size.

• To create more energy for chemical reactions.

• To become radioactive and unstable.

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