Understanding Bias in Statistical Investigations

The video tutorial explains statistical bias in studies, focusing on selection and response bias. It covers representative samples, population vs. sample, and the types of bias: selection bias (undercoverage, convenience sample, nonresponse bias) and response bias (social desirability, leading questions). The tutorial uses examples to illustrate how bias can affect study results, emphasizing the importance of representative sampling.

What type of bias is illustrated when a principal uses the basketball team's height to estimate the average height of all students?

• Selection bias

• Response bias

• Convenience sample

• Nonresponse bias

What is a representative sample?

• A sample that includes only one type of individual

• A sample that mirrors the diversity of the population

• A sample that is larger than the population

• A sample that is smaller than the population

What is the main difference between a population and a sample?

• A sample is always larger than a population

• A population includes all individuals of interest, while a sample is a subset

• A sample includes all individuals of interest

• A population is a subset of a sample

Which type of selection bias occurs when certain groups are underrepresented in a sample?

• Social desirability

• Convenience sample

• Undercoverage

• Nonresponse bias

What is a convenience sample?

• A sample that is difficult to obtain

• A sample that is randomly selected

• A sample that is easy to obtain but not necessarily representative

• A sample that includes all individuals of interest

What is social desirability bias?

• When respondents answer truthfully

• When respondents give answers they think are socially acceptable

• When respondents refuse to answer

• When respondents are randomly selected

How can leading questions affect survey results?

• They can lead respondents to give biased answers

• They have no effect on survey results

• They make surveys more interesting

• They encourage respondents to answer truthfully