Legal Terminology

The standard of proof

• The extent to which a fact must be proven in a civil case is beyond reasonable doubt.

• In a criminal trial, the standard of proof is on the balance of probabilities.

• The extent to which a fact must be proven in a criminal case is beyond reasonable doubt.

• In a civil case, a fact is proved on the balance of certainty.

Judicial Independence

• The ability of the judiciary to make decisions without external influences.

• The process of appointing judges based on political affiliation.

• The requirement for judges to consult with lawmakers before making decisions.

• The practice of judges being influenced by public opinion.

Natural Justice

• The principle that allows one party to present their case without the other party being present.

• The requirement that both parties in a dispute present their case before an unbiased judge, who makes a decision based on evidence.

• A legal doctrine that permits judges to make decisions based solely on their personal beliefs.

• The concept that all legal proceedings must be conducted in a public forum.

Court

• A place where disputes are resolved using the law.

• A location for public gatherings and events.

• A facility for sports and recreational activities.

• A building where art exhibitions are held.

Statutory Interpretation

• The process through which judges determine the meaning of the words in a law passed by parliament.

• The method by which citizens interpret laws based on personal beliefs.

• The analysis of legal texts by scholars to derive meaning.

• The procedure for amending laws in parliament.

Criminal Law

• Disputes related to crimes and punishments for breaking the law.

• Regulations governing business transactions.

• Laws pertaining to family matters and divorce.

• Guidelines for environmental protection and conservation.

Jurisdiction

• The power of a court to enforce laws within its territory.

• The authority of a court to hear a legal dispute based on its location and seriousness.

• The ability of a court to review decisions made by lower courts.

• The jurisdiction of a court is determined solely by the type of case it hears.

Defendant

• A person that has had legal action taken against them.

• A person who initiates a lawsuit.

• A legal representative for a plaintiff.

• A witness in a court case.

Adversarial System

• A legal system based on the idea that truth is best determined by a contest between two or more individuals or groups.

• A legal system where a single judge makes all decisions without input from the parties involved.

• A legal system that emphasizes mediation and negotiation over litigation.

• A legal system that operates solely on written laws without any oral arguments.

Appeal

• A request to a lower court to reconsider its decision.

• An application for a higher court to review, and change, the decision of a lower court.

• A formal accusation of a crime in a court of law.

• A legal document that initiates a lawsuit.