Chapter 5 Energy and Photosynthesis

Define the term 'Energy' and understand its meaning.

• Energy is the capacity to do work or the ability to cause change. It exists in various forms, such as kinetic, potential, thermal, electrical, chemical, and nuclear energy, and can be transformed from one form to another.

• Energy is a type of matter that cannot be created or destroyed.

• Energy is the force that keeps objects in motion indefinitely.

• Energy is a substance that can be stored in physical objects.

Define the term 'Biofuels' and understand its meaning.

• Biofuels are renewable energy sources derived from organic materials, such as plants and animal waste, that can be used as alternatives to fossil fuels.

• Biofuels are synthetic chemicals used in the production of plastics.

• Biofuels are fossil fuels that have been processed to reduce emissions.

• Biofuels are minerals extracted from the earth used for energy production.

Define the term 'Fossil fuels' and understand its meaning.

• Fossil fuels are natural substances formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals, buried under layers of sediment and rock, and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. They include coal, oil, and natural gas, and are used as primary sources of energy.

• Fossil fuels are renewable energy sources that are replenished naturally and are environmentally friendly.

• Fossil fuels are synthetic materials created in laboratories for industrial use.

• Fossil fuels are a type of mineral used primarily in jewelry making.

Define the term 'Autotroph' and understand its meaning.

• Autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

• Autotroph is an organism that relies on consuming other organisms for food.

• Autotroph is a type of habitat where organisms live.

• Autotroph is a process of breaking down food to release energy.

Define the term 'Heterotroph' and understand its meaning.

• Heterotroph refers to an organism that cannot produce its own food and instead obtains its nutrients by consuming other organisms.

• Heterotroph refers to an organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis.

• Heterotroph refers to a type of plant that grows in water.

• Heterotroph refers to an organism that can survive without consuming any nutrients.

Identify examples of potential and kinetic energy.

• A rock on a hill and a moving car

• A book on a table and a flying bird

• A stretched rubber band and a rolling ball

• A compressed spring and a running athlete

The principle of the conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

• True

• False

Write the overall reaction of photosynthesis.

• 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

• C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

• 6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

• C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 12H2O

Explain how photons are used in photosynthesis.

• Photons are absorbed by chlorophyll to initiate photosynthesis.

• Photons are used to break down glucose in photosynthesis.

• Photons are converted into oxygen during photosynthesis.

• Photons are stored as energy in ATP molecules.

The role of Rubisco in photosynthesis is to:

• fix carbon dioxide into an organic molecule

• absorb sunlight for energy

• transport water within the plant

• release oxygen as a byproduct