Logical Fallacies

Red Herring

• A logical argument that is always valid.

• A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

• A method of persuasion that relies on emotional appeal.

• A technique used to strengthen an argument by providing additional evidence.

Bandwagon

• A logical argument that is always valid.

• A fallacy that assumes something is true or right because other people agree with it.

• A method of persuasion that relies on emotional appeal.

• A technique used to analyze statistical data.

Ad Hominem

• A logical argument that supports a claim with evidence.

• A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

• A method of persuasion that relies on emotional appeal.

• A technique used to summarize an argument succinctly.

Circular Reasoning

• A logical fallacy where the conclusion is not supported by evidence.

• A fallacy in which the argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.

• A method of reasoning that involves drawing conclusions from premises that are not true.

• A technique used to persuade by appealing to emotions rather than logic.

Hasty Generalization

• A logical conclusion based on sufficient evidence.

• A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence.

• An argument that is valid but unsound.

• A conclusion drawn from a single case or example.

False Cause

• A fallacy that assumes that because one event follows another, the first event must be the cause of the second.

• A logical reasoning that supports a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

• A type of argument that relies on emotional appeal rather than facts.

• A reasoning error that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from a single case.

Slippery Slope

• A logical argument that is always valid.

• A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.

• A method of persuasion that relies on emotional appeal.

• A technique used to simplify complex arguments.

False Dilemma

• A logical fallacy that involves an emotional appeal.

• A fallacy that presents two options as the only possible choices, when in fact others exist.

• A technique used to persuade by appealing to authority.

• A method of argument that relies on anecdotal evidence.

Straw Man

• A logical fallacy that involves ignoring an opponent's actual argument and instead addressing a distorted version of it.

• A technique used to strengthen one's own argument by providing additional evidence.

• A fallacy that involves misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.

• A method of debate that focuses on emotional appeals rather than logical reasoning.