Quiz about Earth Science Review

Question 1

Earth is made of different layers that have varying characteristics. Which is the thickest layer?

Accepted Answer

the mantle

Answer

the inner core

Answer

the outer core

Answer

the crust

Question 2

Which is a process that most likely formed the Appalachian Mountains found in the eastern part of North America?

Accepted Answer

plate tectonics

Answer

earthquake

Answer

folded rock

Answer

volcanic activity

Question 3

Which statement about the formation of rocks is true?

Accepted Answer

Weathering and erosion can change sedimentary rock into sediment.

Answer

Heat and pressure can change igneous rock to sedimentary rock.

Answer

Heat and pressure cause metamorphic rock to weather and erode.

Answer

Weathering and erosion prevent magma from changing into igneous rock.

Question 4

What is the driving force behind the movement of tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

convection currents in Earths mantle

Answer

tidal forces

Answer

Gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon.

Answer

the different rotation of Earths inner and outer cores.

Question 5

The Appalachian Mountains, which extend from Canada to Alabama, were much taller in the past than they are today. Which of the following two processes are most responsible for the decrease in the height of the Appalachian Mountains?

Accepted Answer

weathering and erosion

Answer

sedimentation and flooding

Answer

volcanic eruptions and landslides

Answer

tectonic collisions and earthquakes

Question 6

The topsoil covering an area of land was washed away by rain. Which statement best describes the land?

Accepted Answer

steep, without vegetation

Answer

steep, with vegetation

Answer

Flat, without vegetation

Answer

flat, with vegetation

Question 7

Which BEST explains the movement of tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

They move several centimeters each year because of convection within Earth.

Answer

They move several miles each year because of convention within Earth.

Answer

They move several feet each year because of convection within Earth.

Answer

They move several kilometers each year because of convection with in the Earth.

Question 8

Which event MOST likely takes place as the result of crustal movement along transform boundaries?

Accepted Answer

earthquakes

Answer

volcanic activity

Answer

mountain building

Answer

trenches

Question 9

What type of plate boundary is shown in this image?

Accepted Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 10

What type of plate boundary is shown in this image?

Accepted Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 11

What type of plate boundary is shown in this image?

Accepted Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Question 12

Any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing.

Accepted Answer

Fossil

Answer

Meteorite

Answer

Isotope

Answer

Crystal

Answer

Magma

Question 13

Determining the age of rocks from the decay of their radioactive elements.

Accepted Answer

Radiometric dating

Answer

Relative dating

Answer

Fossilization

Answer

Isotopiation

Question 14

The loss of many species within a relatively short period of time.

Accepted Answer

Mass extinction

Answer

Plague

Answer

Subduction

Answer

Radioactive decay

Question 15

A stationary point on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time.

Accepted Answer

Hotspot

Answer

Mid-ocean ridge

Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Apocentre

Question 16

Plate tectonic boundaries where two plates converge, and one plate is pushed beneath the other.

Accepted Answer

Subduction

Answer

Convection

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 17

An underwater mountain system formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary.

Accepted Answer

Mid-ocean ridge

Answer

Subduction zone

Answer

Hot spots

Answer

Erosion

Question 18

Determining the approximate age of a rock or fossil based off its location/depth in the ground.

Accepted Answer

Relative dating

Answer

Radiometric dating

Answer

Absolute dating

Answer

Continental drift

Question 19

The preserved remains of an organism that is used to date the rocks and fossils around it.

Accepted Answer

Index fossil

Answer

Isotope

Answer

Radioactive atom

Answer

Hotspot

Question 20

Convection currents are in what layer?

Accepted Answer

Mantle

Answer

Crust

Answer

Core

Question 21

List the layers from the outer layer to the center

Accepted Answer

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Answer

Mantle, crust, outer core, inner core

Answer

Outer core, inner core, mantle, crust

Answer

Crust, mantle, inner core, outer core

Question 22

The inner core is solid and made mostly of

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

iron and molten rock

Answer

Nickel and iron

Answer

Nickel, iron and magma

Question 23

Tectonic plates that move apart are

Accepted Answer

diverging

Answer

transforming

Answer

converging

Answer

subducting

Question 24

Tectonic plates that slide beside each other are

Accepted Answer

transforming

Answer

converging

Answer

subducting

Answer

diverging

Question 25

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge formed due to

Accepted Answer

diverging plates

Answer

transforming plates

Answer

converging plates

Answer

subducting plates

Question 26

Islands for in the ocean at

Accepted Answer

subducting plates

Answer

transforming plates

Answer

converging plates

Answer

diverging plates

Question 27

Sedimentary rock forms by this process

Accepted Answer

Compaction and cementation

Answer

Heat and pressure

Answer

Cooling of magma

Answer

Weathering and erosion

Question 28

Metamorphic rock forms by this process

Accepted Answer

Heat and pressure

Answer

Compaction and cementation

Answer

Cooling of magma

Answer

Weathering and erosion

Question 29

Igneous rock forms by this process

Accepted Answer

Cooling of magma

Answer

Compaction and cementation

Answer

Heat and pressure

Answer

Weathering and erosion

Question 30

Which of the following is the name of the ancient supercontinent formed 28 Million Years ago.

Accepted Answer

Pangea

Answer

Gondwanda

Answer

Laurasia

Answer

Neverland

Question 31

How is it possible for new crust to be formed without increasing the surface area of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

Crust is destroyed at the same time it is created

Answer

New crust is underwater where it sinks

Answer

New crust breaks more easily than old crust

Question 32

Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Extrusive

Question 33

Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Organic

Question 34

Wind, water, and ice breaking down rock is called

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Compaction

Question 35

When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Compaction

Answer

Cementation

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Question 36

This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 37

This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 38

What are the 3 major types of rocks?

Accepted Answer

Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation

Answer

Brown, Red, Gray

Answer

Streak, Hardness, Breakage

Question 39

Rock that forms when sediment from older rocks get pressed and cemented together.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary Rock

Answer

Metamorphic Rock

Answer

Igneous Rock

Question 40

What is small pieces of rock material?

Accepted Answer

sediment

Answer

grain

Answer

lava

Answer

magma

Question 41

Two ways to describe types of igneous rocks are _____

Accepted Answer

Extrusive and Intrusive

Answer

Foliated and Non-Foliated

Answer

Clastic and Biochemical

Answer

Black and Gray

Question 42

Two ways to describe types of igneous rocks are _____

Accepted Answer

Extrusive and Intrusive

Answer

Foliated and Non-Foliated

Answer

Clastic and Biochemical

Answer

Black and Gray

Question 43

A subduction zone is formed...

Accepted Answer

when one tectonic plate sinks below another

Answer

at every type of convergent plate boundary

Answer

at every type of divergent plate boundary

Answer

at transform boundaries

Question 44

Which process is mostly responsible for the breaking down of the rock cliff into sand-sized sediment?

Accepted Answer

weathering

Answer

faulting

Answer

precipitation

Answer

metamorphosis

Question 45

Which term best describes the movement of soil from one place to another?

Accepted Answer

erosion

Answer

weathering

Answer

deposition

Answer

discharge

Question 46

What are the two different ways that rocks can be broken down into smaller pieces?

Accepted Answer

chemical weathering and physical weathering

Answer

abrasion and erosion

Answer

physical weathering and gravity

Question 47

__________ occurs when iron-containing minerals and rocks combine with water and air to create rust.

Accepted Answer

chemical weathering

Answer

physical weathering

Answer

abrasion

Answer

exfoliation

Question 48

What are scientists most likely to learn from fossils found in sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

compare fossils and see changes in bone structure relative to rock layers

Answer

find evidence of how the horse died

Answer

determine what the horse ate

Question 49

A geologist infers that a fossil found near the surface is younger than a fossil found deep below the surface.

Accepted Answer

Law of Superposition

Answer

Law of Motion

Answer

Law of Gravitation

Answer

None of these

Question 50

How do most fossils form?

Accepted Answer

A dead organism becomes buried in sediment.

Answer

An insect becomes trapped in amber.

Answer

An entire organism becomes frozen in ice.

Answer

A dead organism becomes buried in tar.

Question 51

What evidence is most important when using relative dating?

Accepted Answer

the position of fossils in sedimentary rock layers

Answer

the half-life of a radioactive element

Answer

the position of sediment in petrified rock

Answer

the types of minerals in a petrified fossil

Question 52

How do scientists determine the actual age of fossils?

Accepted Answer

radioactive dating

Answer

relative dating

Answer

sedimentary dating

Answer

mold and cast dating

Question 53

Index fossils must meet two criteria, they must have existed for a short period of time and ...

Accepted Answer

be widely distributed

Answer

be few in numbers

Answer

lived for a long time

Answer

be really old in age

Question 54

Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the oldest organisms?

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Question 55

If scientists found this fossil, what could they infer?

Accepted Answer

that water once covered the area where this fossil was found

Answer

what fish are like today

Answer

that this fish lacked oxygen

Question 56

According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found

Accepted Answer

Near the bottom of the rock layers

Answer

At the top of the rock layers

Answer

Somewhat near the surface

Question 57

_{Which rock layer contains the newest fossils?}

Accepted Answer

F

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Answer

E

Question 58

Finding the fossils of trees in an area that is currently a desert without much life might tell us that the area, millions of years ago -

Accepted Answer

received enough rain to support a forest

Answer

was heavily eroded by strong winds

Answer

suffered very powerful earthquakes

Answer

was destroyed by the impact of meteorites

Question 59

evidence that an organism once existed in an area

Accepted Answer

fossil

Answer

evolution

Answer

erosion

Answer

mineral

Question 60

fossilized evidence of plant existence or animal movements such as root channels, footprints, and burrows

Accepted Answer

trace fossils

Answer

mold fossils

Answer

cast fossils

Answer

body fossils

Question 61

the process by which wind, water, ice, gravity, or other natural forces move sediment over Earth's surface

Accepted Answer

erosion

Answer

weathering

Answer

decompose

Answer

evolution

Question 62

a fossil that forms when the remains of an organism leave an imprint in the sediment

Accepted Answer

mold fossil

Answer

cast fossil

Answer

erosion

Answer

sediment

Question 63

a type of fossil formed when sediment fills a mold of an organic object

Accepted Answer

cast fossil

Answer

mold fossil

Answer

sediment

Answer

decay

Question 64

A fossil that consists of the preserved body of an animal or plant

Accepted Answer

body fossil

Answer

trace fossil

Answer

mold fossil

Answer

light fossil

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