Adv Bio: Natural Selection and Evolution Test Review

Which type of organisms were the earliest to evolve on Earth?

• advanced mammals.

• multicellular algae.

• primitive prokaryotes.

• early eukaryotes.

Avery, a student, conducted an experiment attempting to produce mice without tails. She cut the tails off adult mice and then let them mate. All babies had long tails. She repeated the experiment many times, always with the same results. This experiment helped to disprove which idea?

• inheritance of acquired characteristics.

• survival of the fittest.

• natural selection.

• struggle for existence.

Natural selection is most accurately described as the process by which…

• the largest and most powerful organisms dominate a population.

• the smallest organisms are eliminated by the largest organisms.

• organisms that cover the most territory survive and reproduce.

• organisms that are genetically best suited to their environment survive and reproduce.

Based on the cladogram provided, which two animals share the most distant common ancestor?

• lamprey and tuna

• tuna and turtle

• leopard and lamprey

• leopard and turtle

What is the likely outcome for a gene mutation that provides a survival benefit to an organism in the context of natural selection?

• It will be eliminated from the gene pool due to its mutative nature.

• It will persist in the gene pool, enhancing the organism's adaptability in future generations.

• Its effects will be concealed by dominant genes, rendering it ineffective.

• It will sporadically appear in future generations.

Due to the scarcity of natural resources, all organisms…

• need to adapt to their environment.

• face a constant struggle for existence.

• develop new organs over time.

• will eventually become extinct.

The skeleton of an adult python (a type of snake) has a pelvic bone and leg bones. These features are an example of (a)   .

• vestigial structures

• fossils

• homologous structures

• analogous structures

What is a consequence of the excessive use of antibiotics in terms of bacterial resistance?

• Antibiotics eliminate non-resistant bacteria, allowing resistant ones to thrive.

• Antibiotics cause genetic isolation of bacteria within a population.

• Antibiotics create an environment conducive to bacterial growth.

• Antibiotics alter bacterial structure, leading to resistance.

What is another term for the concept of "natural selection"?

• survival of the fittest

• genetic drift

• mutation

• artificial selection

David and Grace observed different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands. They noticed differences in beak structure among the finches. The most likely reason that the finches have different beak shapes is that they have adapted to which of the following?

• life span

• flight speed

• types of food

• mating behavior