EXERCISE 12 - ADVANCED GRAMMAR FOR TOEFL

Fearing economic hardship, _____.

• many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest in the 1820's
• emigration from New England to the Midwest took place in the 1820's
• it was in the 1820's that many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest
• an emigration took place in the 1820's from New England to the Midwest

Rich and distinctive in flavor, _____.

• there is in the United States a very important nut crop, the pecan
• the most important nut crop in the United States, the pecan
• farmers in the United States raise pecans, a very important nut crop
• pecans are the most important nut crop in the United States

Orbiting from 2.7 to 3.6 billion miles from the sun, _____.

• the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930
• Pluto was discovered by the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in 1930
• it was in 1930 that the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto
• the discovery of Pluto was made by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930

A popular instrument, _____.

• only a limited role has been available to the accordion in classical music
• there is only a limited role for the accordion in classical music
• classical music provides only a limited role for the accordion
• the accordion has played only a limited role in classical music

Unlike most birds, _____.

• the heads and necks of vultures lack feathers
• feathers are not found on the heads and necks of vultures
• vultures do not have feathers on their heads and necks
• there are no feathers on vultures' heads and necks

Widely reproduced in magazines and books, _____.

• Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness in his photographs
• the Western wilderness was depicted in the photographs of Ansel Adams
• Ansel Adams's photographs depicted the Western wilderness
• it was through his photographs that Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness

Smaller and flatter than an orange, _____.

• a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readily
• the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are readily separated
• it's easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sections
• to peel a tangerine is easy, and its sections can be readily separated

Like the federal government, _____.

• taxation provides most of the funds for state and local governments as well
• state and local governments obtain most of their funds through taxation
• through taxation is how state and local governments obtain most of their funds
• funds are provided from taxation for state and local governments

Originally settled by Polynesians around 700 AD, _____.

• Hawaii received its first European visitor in 1778, when Captain James Cook landed there
• Hawaii's first European visitor, Captain James Cook, landed there in 1778
• in 1778 the first European, Captain James Cook, visited Hawaii
• the first European to visit Hawaii was Captain James Cook, landing there in 1778

Unlike most modernist poets, _____ based on ordinary speech.

• Robert Frost's poems were
• the works of Robert Frost were
• Robert Frost wrote poems that were
• the poetry written by Robert Frost was