Chapter 5 Questions

Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration support life on Earth.

• Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose, while cellular respiration uses oxygen to release energy from glucose.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both produce glucose and oxygen.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are unrelated processes.

Differentiate between anabolic and catabolic metabolic processes.

• Anabolic processes break down molecules, while catabolic processes build up molecules.

• Anabolic processes build up molecules, while catabolic processes break down molecules.

• Both anabolic and catabolic processes build up molecules.

• Both anabolic and catabolic processes break down molecules.

Define the importance of ATP in a cell.

• ATP stores and transfers energy within cells.

• ATP is a structural component of cell membranes.

• ATP is used to store genetic information.

• ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.

Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways.

• Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy.

• Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

• Enzymes are used up in the reactions they catalyze.

• Enzymes are only involved in photosynthesis.

List the three stages of cellular respiration and explain the function of each.

• Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain; each stage produces ATP and other energy carriers.

• Photosynthesis, Glycolysis, Fermentation; each stage produces glucose.

• Krebs cycle, Calvin cycle, Electron transport chain; each stage produces oxygen.

• Glycolysis, Calvin cycle, Fermentation; each stage produces carbon dioxide.

Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

• Both processes occur in the mitochondria and produce glucose.

• Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and produces glucose, while cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and breaks down glucose.

• Both processes occur in chloroplasts and produce oxygen.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are identical processes.

Explain why ATP is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell.

• ATP is the only molecule that can store energy in cells.

• ATP can be easily converted to ADP, releasing energy for cellular processes.

• ATP is used exclusively for photosynthesis.

• ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.

Analyze how the light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are interconnected.

• The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the light-independent reactions to synthesize glucose.

• The light-independent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the light-dependent reactions to synthesize glucose.

• Both reactions occur simultaneously in the mitochondria.

• The light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions are unrelated processes.

Evaluate the role of enzymes in regulating metabolic pathways.

• Enzymes are not involved in regulating metabolic pathways.

• Enzymes regulate metabolic pathways by acting as inhibitors.

• Enzymes regulate metabolic pathways by acting as catalysts and controlling the rate of reactions.

• Enzymes are only involved in the breakdown of glucose.

Discuss the significance of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.

• The electron transport chain is where glucose is directly converted into ATP.

• The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

• The electron transport chain is responsible for the production of glucose.

• The electron transport chain is not involved in cellular respiration.