Which statement best defines motivation?

• A learned behavior that influences emotions

• A process that starts, directs, and continues activities to meet needs

• A reflexive response to external stimuli

• An unconscious reaction to rewards

Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?

• Studying to earn a scholarship

• Reading a book because you enjoy learning

• Playing an instrument for personal enjoyment

• Solving a puzzle out of curiosity

Which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation?

• Working extra hours to get a promotion

• Reading a book because you enjoy learning

• Completing a project to earn a bonus

• Doing chores to avoid punishment

According to drive-reduction theory, what motivates behavior?

• Social expectations

• The desire to increase tension

• Internal drives to satisfy physiological needs

• Seeking relaxation and entertainment

Which of the following is considered a primary drive?

• Desire for money

• Thirst

• Need for social approval

• Striving for academic success

According to McClelland’s theory, which psychological need is associated with forming social relationships?

• Need for achievement (nAch)

• Need for power (nPow)

• Need for affiliation (nAff)

• Need for autonomy

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following must be satisfied before self-actualization?

• Cognitive and transcendence needs

• Safety and physiological needs

• Only aesthetic needs

• Power and affiliation

Which of the following is NOT an element of emotion?

• Physiological response

• Behavioral response

• Cognitive processing

• Subjective experience

Which system controls the physiological response in emotions?

• Endocrine system

• Sympathetic nervous system

• Digestive system

• Muscular system

Which emotion tends to increase heart rate?

• Anger

• Fear

• Sadness

• All of the above