Baking Ingredients and functions

A network of long, stretchy strands that trap the carbon dioxide given off by yeast in dough, causing the dough to rise

• Baking powder

• gluten

• denaturing

• leavener

The process of working dough by hand or with a mixer

• kneading

• denaturing

• gluten

• Proofing

A blend of high and low protein wheat flour

• cake flour

• bread flour

• all purpose flour

• corn flour

Flour milled to leave some of the bran intact

• all purpose

• cake

• whole grain

• bread

A mixture of egg and water or milk used to brush the tops of breads and pastries

• corn syrup

• custard

• egg wash

• custard sauce

An ingredient that increases the volume of a dough or batter by adding air or other gas

• Leaveners

• custards

• sweeteners

• Thickeners

organic leavener

• baking powder

• baking soda

• air/ steam

• yeast

Chemical leavener

• baking powder

• gluten

• yeast

• air/steam

Physical leavener

• yeast

• air/steam

• baking powder

• baking soda

Sugar made by combining molasses and white sugar

• Honey

• confectionary sugar

• corn syrup

• brown sugar