Unit 4 Review

What pattern does the distribution of these rocks and fossils suggest about the past positions of these continents?

• The continents have always been in their current positions.

• The continents were once part of a single landmass.

• The continents have moved randomly over time.

• The fossils and rocks were transported by ocean currents.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which evidence best supports the idea that the continents were once part of a single landmass?

• The presence of similar rock formations on different continents.

• The current positions of the continents.

• The random movement of continents over time.

• The transportation of fossils by ocean currents.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What does the movement of tectonic plates suggest about the history of Earth's continents?

• A. Continents have always been in their current positions.

• B. Continents have drifted apart and rejoined over time.

• C. Continents are moving towards a single landmass.

• D. Continents are shrinking in size.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Based on this diagram, which layer is the oldest?

• The layer that contains only gastropods.

• The layer that contains coral and fern.

• The layer that contains ammonites and gastropods.

• The layer that contains trilobites.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Movement at plate boundaries results in different geologic features, which can be used to distinguish one type of boundary from another.

Mountain-building on Earth’s surface generally occurs at ____, while ocean basin formation occurs at ____. Which of the following words best completes the sentences?

• divergent boundaries, transform boundaries

• convergent boundaries, transform boundaries

• convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries

• divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The Hawaiian Islands and Yellowstone super volcano were both formed over fixed locations in the mantle where the magma is much hotter than in surrounding areas. The Hawaiian Islands are in the middle of the Pacific Plate. The

Yellowstone super volcano is located on the North American Plate.

Which statement below correctly identifies a similarity shared by these volcanoes?

• They both formed at convergent plate boundaries.

• They are both located over hot spots.

• They both formed from oceanic crust

• They are both located near subduction zones.

Paleontologists find fossils of ancient coral reefs in rock layers that are now located far from the equator. What does this evidence suggest about Earth’s climate and continents in the past?

• The location of the fossils suggests that the continents were once closer to the equator, where coral reefs could thrive.

• The corals indicate that the Earth's continents have never moved and have always been in their current positions.

• The fossil corals are evidence that the Earth's climate has always been tropical, with no significant changes over time.

• The fossils show that coral reefs are not affected by changes in climate and can grow in any environment.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Which diagram shows the kind of tectonic plate movement most likely to form a mountain?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

How does the theory of plate tectonics help explain the formation of supervolcanoes and the distribution of earthquakes along the Pacific Ring of Fire?

• Supervolcanoes are exclusively caused by earthquakes, and their location is random. Earthquakes occur only at transform boundaries.

• Supervolcanoes form at divergent boundaries, where plates move away from each other, and earthquakes occur away from tectonic boundaries.

• The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area where tectonic plates converge, creating subduction zones that lead to both supervolcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

• Supervolcanoes are caused by weathering, not tectonic processes, and earthquakes only occur at the edges of continents.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

Subduction zones can result in all of the following geological features EXCEPT-

• Mid-ocean ridges

• Mountains

• Volcanoes

• Trenches

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2