Urban Development Concepts

Urban greening

• The process of increasing and preserving open spaces like public parks and gardens in urban areas.

• The development of high-rise buildings in city centers.

• The reduction of green spaces to accommodate urban sprawl.

• The creation of artificial parks with no natural elements.

Food miles

• The distance food is transported from the producer to consumers.

• The amount of food produced in a specific area.

• The nutritional value of food based on its origin.

• The environmental impact of food production.

Inequalities

• Differences in income and wealth distribution among individuals.

• Equal access to jobs, housing, and education for all.

• Variations in people's wellbeing and access to services like healthcare.

• Uniform provision of housing and safety for everyone.

Transnational Corporation (TNC)

• A company that operates only in one country.

• A small local business with no international presence.

• A company with operations in more than one country, often large with well-known brands.

• A non-profit organization focused on global issues.

Commonwealth

• A political union of countries with a shared currency and government.

• A voluntary association of 56 independent and equal sovereign states, mostly former British Empire territories, united by language, history, culture, and shared values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.

• An economic alliance focused solely on trade agreements among member states.

• A military alliance formed to ensure the defense of member nations.

Science and business parks

• Areas designated for agricultural use

• Purpose-built areas for offices and warehouses, often near universities, where high-tech industries are established.

• Residential neighborhoods for families

• Public parks for recreational activities

Fairtrade

• A system ensuring producers in LICs and NEEs receive a fairer price for goods like cocoa, coffee, or cotton, improving income, workers' rights, and working conditions, and reducing exploitation.

• A marketing strategy used by companies to increase sales of luxury goods.

• A government program that provides subsidies to farmers in developed countries.

• An international organization that regulates trade tariffs between countries.

Globalisation

• The process of increasing isolation between countries.

• The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide.

• A method of reducing trade barriers and tariffs.

• The phenomenon of cultural homogenization leading to loss of local identities.

Nuclear power

• Energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion.

• A renewable energy source derived from sunlight.

• A method of generating electricity using wind turbines.

• A process that involves burning fossil fuels to produce energy.

Sustainable water supply

• Providing safe, reliable, and affordable water while minimizing environmental impact and supporting future generations.

• Ensuring unlimited access to water resources without any restrictions.

• Focusing solely on the economic benefits of water supply systems.

• Using advanced technology to create artificial water sources.