29/01

The spinal reflex is

• the brain's survival response

• a voluntary response to harmful stimuli

• an automatic response that occurs in the spinal cord

• a conscious response to external stimuli processed by the spinal cord

After receiving unexpected negative feedback from her teacher, Ava’s heart rate increases, her pupils dilate, and adrenaline is released into her bloodstream.

Which stage of the GAS model is Ava experiencing?

• resistance stage

• exhaustion stage

• alarm shock stage

• alarm counter-shock stage

Daniel has been training intensely for a marathon while balancing school and part-time work. After several weeks, his stress levels stabilise and his body continues to function at a heightened level to cope with ongoing demands.

Which stage of the GAS model best describes Daniel’s experience?

• alarm shock stage

• alarm counter-shock reaction

• exhaustion stage

• resistance stage

Karen has been under constant academic stress for many months. She now feels emotionally drained, frequently becomes ill, and has difficulty concentrating.

Which feature of the GAS model best explains Karen’s increased susceptibility to illness?

• Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

• Depletion of physiological resources

• Release of adrenaline into the bloodstream

• Short-term increase in energy levels

The alarm reaction stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is usually characterised by an

• immediate release of cortisol into the bloodstream

• increase in susceptibility to illnesses such as influenza

• initial increase in blood pressure and body temperature, followed by a decrease in both

• initial decrease in blood pressure and body temperature, followed by an increase in both

Noah is prescribed medication that is supposed to stabilise his mood and help him sleep. Noah's doctor explains that the medication will help a certain neurochemical bind to its receptor.

Which neurochemical is most directly involved in regulating Noah’s mood through this medication?

• GABA

• serotonin

• dopamine

• glutamate

Which of the following accurately describes an internal stressor?

• A lack of medical resources to treat a disease

• lack of caring or being valued by others

• excessive heat and noise

• rumination and low self-esteem

A child who is not exposed to language during early childhood experiences long-term difficulties with speech and comprehension due to underdeveloped neural connections.

Which process best explains the loss of unused neural connections in this case?

• Long-term potentiation

• Synaptic pruning

• Rerouting

• Sprouting