Cognitive Methods Quiz

What is counterbalancing in experiments?

• A method to control order effects

• A method to increase order effects

• A method to ignore order effects

• A method to create order effects

What is a laboratory experiment?

• An experiment conducted in a natural setting

• An experiment conducted in a controlled environment

• An experiment conducted with no variables

• An experiment conducted over a long period

What is a benefit of laboratory experiments in psychology?

• They are always valid

• They can be easily repeated

• They reflect real-life behavior

• They lack control

Why do field experiments have greater ecological validity?

• They are conducted in controlled environments

• Participants are aware of the experiment

• Behavior is more natural and realistic

• They lack standardisation

What is an independent variable (IV) in an experiment?

• The variable that is measured

• The variable that is manipulated

• The variable that remains constant

• The variable that is dependent

Why might a study with poor operationalisation be difficult to replicate?

• It uses too many variables.

• The definitions of key variables are unclear.

• It requires specialized equipment.

• It involves a large number of participants.

What is the relationship between situational variables and extraneous variables?

• Situational variables are a type of extraneous variable

• They are completely unrelated

• Extraneous variables are a type of situational variable

• They are the same thing

Why might the independent groups design require more participants?

• Because participants are involved in all conditions.

• Because separate groups are needed for each condition.

• Because it reduces individual differences.

• Because it increases expectancy effects.

What problem does a repeated measures design help to resolve?

• The need for more participants.

• The issue of demand characteristics.

• The problem of individual differences.

• The complexity of the experiment.

What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments?

• To ensure each participant has an equal chance of being in any condition

• To select participants based on specific characteristics

• To measure the dependent variable

• To manipulate the independent variable