Chemical Bonding Study Guide

What is an atom?

• An atom is a form of energy that can be harnessed.
• An atom is a large particle made of protons and neutrons.
• An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
• An atom is a type of molecule.

Define proton.

• A proton is a negatively charged particle in the electron cloud.
• A proton is a type of chemical bond between atoms.
• A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
• A proton is a large particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Define electron.

• An electron is a type of atom.
• An electron is a positively charged particle.
• An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle.
• An electron is a large particle found in the nucleus.

Define neutron.

• A neutron is a positively charged particle in the nucleus.
• A neutron is an electron found outside the nucleus.
• A neutron is a type of atom that can exist independently.
• A neutron is a neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

What is the nucleus of an atom?

• The nucleus is the central core of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
• The nucleus is a particle that orbits around the atom's core.
• The nucleus is the outer layer of an atom, containing electrons.
• The nucleus is a type of chemical bond between atoms.

Define valence.

• A measure of an atom's mass
• The color of an atom's outer shell
• The number of electrons in an atom
• The capacity of an atom to bond with other atoms or the intrinsic attractiveness/averseness in psychology.

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

• Metallic bonds and hydrogen bonds
• Polar bonds and van der Waals forces
• Coordinate bonds and dipole bonds
• Ionic bonds and covalent bonds

Explain ionic bonds.

• Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating charged ions that attract each other.
• Ionic bonds are created when atoms collide and fuse together.
• Ionic bonds involve the attraction of neutral atoms without charge.
• Ionic bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Explain covalent bonds.

• Covalent bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Covalent bonds are chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
• Covalent bonds only occur in metals and not in nonmetals.
• Covalent bonds are weak interactions that do not involve electrons.

If an element is in group 15, how many valence electrons will it have?

• 3
• 4
• 6
• 5