What is the stage of cognitive development that coincides with early childhood according to Piaget?

• Sensorimotor Stage

• Preoperational Stage

• Concrete Operational Stage

• Formal Operational Stage

Piaget's classic experiment on egocentrism involved showing children a 3-dimensional model of a mountain. What were the children asked to describe?

• The color of the mountain

• The height of the mountain

• What a doll sees from a different angle

• The texture of the mountain.

Syncretism refers to a tendency to think that if two events occur simultaneously, one caused the other. True or False?

• True

• False

What is conservation in cognitive development?

• The ability to recognize that moving or rearranging matter does not change the quantity.

• The ability to focus on multiple characteristics of an object.

• The ability to perform mental operations.

• The ability to understand complex language.

What is the main reason preoperational children fail the liquid conservation task?

• They are not paying attention.

• They are focused on the height of the glass and fail to conserve.

• They do not like the experiment.

• They are too young to understand.

Fill in the blank: ______ is the process of creating a new schema when new experiences do not match an existing one.

• A) Assimilation

• B) Accommodation

• C) Conservation

• D) Centration

What is the main idea of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development?

• A) Children learn best on their own

• B) Social interactions are crucial for cognitive development

• C) Learning is purely biological

• D) Children do not need guidance.

Fill in the blank: Vygotsky believed that without interpersonal instruction, children's minds would not advance very far as their knowledge would be based only on their own ________.

• discoveries

• failures

• successes

• interactions

What is the significance of the Zone of Proximal Development in Vygotsky's theory?

• It shows what children cannot do

• It highlights the importance of guidance in learning

• It emphasizes learning through failure

• It focuses on independent learning.

Piaget was critical of which type of instruction?

• Child-directed

• Teacher-directed

• Peer-directed

• Self-directed