Sorting and Data Structures Challenge

What is the basic principle behind the Bubble Sort algorithm?

• Bubble Sort works by dividing the list into two halves and sorting each half separately.

• The basic principle behind the Bubble Sort algorithm is to repeatedly compare and swap adjacent elements to sort the list.

• The Bubble Sort algorithm sorts the list by selecting the largest element and moving it to the end.

• The algorithm sorts the list by inserting each element into its correct position in a new list.

Explain the time complexity of Merge Sort.

• O(log n)

• O(n^2)

• O(n)

• O(n log n)

How does the Binary Search method improve search efficiency?

• Binary Search requires the data to be unsorted for efficient searching.

• Binary Search can only be applied to small datasets for optimal performance.

• Binary Search reduces the search space by half with each comparison, achieving O(log n) time complexity.

• Binary Search checks every element sequentially, achieving O(n) time complexity.

What are the key operations performed on a Linked List?

• Insertion, Deletion, Traversal, Searching, Reversing

• Sorting, Merging, Filtering

• Indexing, Hashing, Stacking

• Appending, Cloning, Splitting

Compare and contrast Stack and Queue data structures.

• Both Stacks and Queues use LIFO order.

• Stacks can be accessed from both ends, while Queues can only be accessed from one end.

• Stacks use LIFO order, while Queues use FIFO order.

• Stacks use FIFO order, while Queues use LIFO order.

List the steps involved in the Insertion Sort algorithm.

• Only compare the key with the last element in the sorted part.

• Start with the second element (index 1) as the key. Compare the key with the elements in the sorted part (to its left). Shift all elements that are greater than the key to the right. Insert the key in its correct position. Repeat the process for all elements until the entire array is sorted.

• Sort the entire array in descending order first.

• Start with the last element as the key.

What is a Linked List and how does it differ from an array?

• A Linked List allows for random access to elements like an array.

• A Linked List is a dynamic data structure with nodes linked sequentially, differing from arrays which are fixed-size and allow direct index-based access.

• Arrays are more flexible than Linked Lists in terms of memory allocation.

• A Linked List is a static data structure that requires a fixed size.

Describe the Selection Sort algorithm and its time complexity.

• Selection Sort is faster than Quick Sort for large datasets.

• The time complexity of Selection Sort is O(n^2), where n is the number of elements in the list.

• The time complexity of Selection Sort is O(n log n).

• Selection Sort is an in-place sorting algorithm with O(n) time complexity.

How can a Stack be implemented using a Linked List?

• A stack can be implemented using a linked list by using the head as the top and performing push and pop operations on the head.

• A stack can be implemented using an array with fixed size.

• A stack requires a binary tree for its implementation.

• A stack can only be implemented using a queue.

What are the advantages of using a Queue implemented with a Linked List?

• The advantages include dynamic size, efficient O(1) operations, and no wasted space.

• Increased memory overhead

• Fixed size limits

• Inefficient O(n) operations