Unit 5 Judicial Branch Fast Facts

Marbury v. Madison

• Chief Justice Marshall found the Judiciary Act conflicted with the Constitution

• Established the principle of Judicial Review

• It was a case about the right to bear arms

• It involved the separation of powers between the branches of government

U.S. Court of Appeals

• Has justices and a jury

• Has justices, no jury, and appellate jurisdiction

• Is the trial court for federal cases

• Can only uphold a verdict

Due Process of Law

• Constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws

• A legal principle that allows for the immediate arrest of suspects

• A requirement for all laws to be fair and just

• A process for appealing government decisions

Judicial Review

• Supreme Court determines if laws/actions of the executive and legislative branches are constitutional

• Judicial Review allows Congress to override Supreme Court decisions

• Judicial Review is the process by which laws are created

• Judicial Review is a method for the President to veto legislation

General District Court

• Original jurisdiction for felonies

• Original jurisdiction for misdemeanors

• Civil cases involving more than $1000

• Civil cases involving less than $500

Original Jurisdiction

• Authority for a court to hear a case for the first time.

• The power of a higher court to review a lower court's decision.

• The ability of a court to enforce its rulings.

• The jurisdiction of a court over appeals from lower courts.

Subpoena

• A request for documents

• A court order to appear in court.

• A type of legal contract

• A form of legal advice

Civil Case

• Involves a disagreement between two parties; person seeks compensation from someone who has wronged them.

• A legal dispute involving the government and an individual.

• A case where one party is accused of a crime against society.

• A situation where two parties agree to settle their differences without legal action.

Judicial Branch checks Executive Branch

• Declares executive acts unconstitutional (judicial review)

• Impeaches the President

• Enforces laws passed by Congress

• Appoints Supreme Court justices

Circuit Court

• Original jurisdiction for felony criminal cases

• Handles all family law cases

• Civil cases under $1000

• Exclusive jurisdiction over traffic violations