Chapter 9 Review

1. The biggest percentage of a solution is made up of the ____________. Often this is a liquid.

Answer explanation

The biggest percentage of a solution is made up of the solvent, which is typically a liquid. The solvent dissolves the solute, making it the primary component of the solution.

A molecule with a charge separation is called ____________.

• polar

• ionized

• ionic

• aqueous

Answer explanation

A molecule with a charge separation has distinct positive and negative ends, making it polar. This property is crucial in determining how molecules interact with each other, especially in solvents.

A substance is said to be ____________ when it completely separates and disperses into the solution.

• polar

• ionized

• dissolved

• dilute

Answer explanation

A substance is said to be 'dissolved' when it completely separates and disperses into the solution, making it the correct choice. 'Ionized' refers to the formation of ions, while 'polar' and 'dilute' do not imply complete dispersion.

4. The ____________ is the substance dissolved in the solvent.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'solute' because it refers to the substance that is dissolved in a solvent, forming a solution. In a solution, the solute is the component present in a lesser amount compared to the solvent.

A property named ____________ describes when intermolecular forces pull a liquid surface into the smallest possible area.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'surface tension', which refers to the property that causes the surface of a liquid to contract and minimize its area due to intermolecular forces. This phenomenon is crucial in various physical processes.

A/An ____________ is a type of intermolecular attraction formed when a hydrogen atom bonded to an N, O, or F atom is attracted to a negative charge on another molecule, or even on the same molecule, such as in a protein.

Answer explanation

A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, is attracted to a negative charge on another molecule, crucial in structures like proteins.

The process known as ____________ describes how water molecules surround a charged ion or a polar molecule.

Answer explanation

The process known as hydration describes how water molecules surround a charged ion or a polar molecule, stabilizing them in solution. This is crucial for many biological and chemical processes.

Water that comes from the sink is called ____________, and it conducts electricity.

Answer explanation

Water that comes from the sink is commonly referred to as tap water. It contains minerals and impurities that allow it to conduct electricity, making 'tap water' the correct answer.

A/An ____________ solution is one that has water as its solvent.

Answer explanation

A solution that has water as its solvent is called an 'aqueous' solution. This term specifically refers to any solution where water is the primary solvent, making 'aqueous' the correct choice.

10. Water that is condensed after boiling to separate out solute particles is called ____________.

Answer explanation

Water that is condensed after boiling to separate out solute particles is called distilled water. This process removes impurities and solutes, resulting in pure water.