The process of placing values on numbers and observations so that a person can make judgements regarding behavior or performance is referred to as:

• Evaluation

• Interpretation

• Measurement

• Use

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Interpretation' because it involves assigning meaning to values and observations, enabling judgments about behavior or performance. Evaluation and measurement are related but do not specifically focus on assigning meaning.

General statements about students outcomes which cover in broad terms what will be emphasized typically over a year or more

• Goals

• Standards

• Objectives

• Learning Targets

Answer explanation

Goals refer to broad statements about desired student outcomes over a longer period, typically emphasizing what will be achieved. This aligns with the question's focus on general outcomes over a year or more.

Statements about what students should know and be able to do in a major content areas at different grade levels for a particular course, or curriculum

• Goals

• Standards

• Objectives

• Learning Targets

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Standards' as they define what students should know and be able to do in major content areas at various grade levels, guiding curriculum development.

Statements of student performance that should be demonstrated at the end of an instructional unit

• Goals

• Standards

• Objectives

• Learning Targets

Answer explanation

Objectives are specific statements detailing what students should demonstrate at the end of an instructional unit, making them the correct choice. Goals and standards are broader, while learning targets are often less formal.

Statements of student performance for a relatively restricted type of learning outcome to be archived in a single lesson or a few days

• Goals

• Standards

• Objectives

• Learning Targets

Answer explanation

Learning Targets refer to specific statements of student performance for a limited learning outcome, typically assessed within a single lesson or a few days, making them the correct choice in this context.

___________ assessments ensure that the results reflect students' true knowledge, skills, and abilities.

Answer explanation

Valid assessments ensure that the results accurately reflect students' true knowledge, skills, and abilities. This means they measure what they are intended to measure, making 'valid' the correct choice.

• ____________ focuses on consistency and stability of measurement.

Answer explanation

The term 'Reliability' refers to the consistency and stability of measurement in research and testing. It indicates how consistently a method measures what it is intended to measure.

Criterion-related evidence is a type of validity evidence that involves comparing assessment results to an external criterion.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Criterion-related evidence assesses the validity of an assessment by comparing its results to an external criterion, confirming its effectiveness in measuring what it intends to.

Consequential evidence assesses the impact and outcomes of assessment decisions on individuals and educational settings.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Consequential evidence evaluates how assessment decisions affect individuals and educational environments, highlighting the significance of these outcomes.

The following are examples of____________

• 1. Administering the same test to students on two different occasions to check for consistency.

• 2. Having multiple graders independently evaluate the same essay to assess inter-rater reliability.

• Reliability

• Validity

Answer explanation

The examples illustrate reliability, as they focus on consistency in measurement. Administering the same test at different times checks test-retest reliability, while multiple graders assessing the same essay evaluates inter-rater reliability.