Quizs- Chap 17 Part 3- Mutations

Chromosomal Mutations

• 
• Only occur in somatic cells

• Always lead to genetic disorders

• Are reversible and do not affect offspring

Base pair substitution mutations can be missense.

• A different amino acid is placed, which can alter the shape and function of the protein.

• They always result in a stop codon being formed.

• They do not affect the protein's function at all.

• They only occur in non-coding regions of DNA.

Effects Insertions/Deletions have on proteins

• Can result in Frameshift mutations, which will lead to extensive missense mutations or nonsense mutations.

• Have no effect on protein structure or function.

• Always result in the production of non-functional proteins.

• Only affect the primary structure of proteins.

Base pair substitution mutations can be nonsense.

• They result in a change of one amino acid in the protein sequence.

• They result in a premature stop codon.

• They have no effect on the protein produced.

• They always lead to a longer protein sequence.

Base pair deletion

• 
• A type of mutation where a pair of nucleotides is added to the DNA sequence.

• A type of mutation where a single nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide.

• A type of mutation that does not affect the DNA sequence.

Types of Point Mutations

• Base-pair substitution

• Base pair insertion

• Base pair deletion

• Base pair duplication

Can Base pair substitutions lead to significant changes in protein activity?

• No, they do not affect protein activity.

• Yes, some base pair substitutions result in detectable changes in proteins that may significantly alter protein activity.

• Base pair substitutions only affect non-coding regions of DNA.

• Base pair substitutions have no impact on protein structure.

Effects substitution mutations have on proteins

• Can result in Silent, Missense, or Nonsense mutations.

• Always lead to a complete loss of function.

• Have no effect on the protein structure.

• Only cause Silent mutations.

Mutations

• Random, permanent changes in DNA that can involve large chromosomal regions or a single nucleotide pair.

• Temporary alterations in RNA that do not affect DNA structure.

• Deliberate modifications made to DNA sequences in a laboratory setting.

• Changes in protein structure due to environmental factors.

SNP

• 
• Standard Nucleotide Protocol

• Sodium Nitrate Phosphate

• Simple Nucleotide Pairing