Quizs- Chap 17 Part 1- Transcription

Importance of proteins

• Proteins are primarily used for energy storage in the body.

• Proteins are responsible for DNA replication, forming structural proteins, transporting molecules, fighting infections, and acting as enzymes.

• Proteins are only involved in muscle contraction and movement.

• Proteins serve as the main source of vitamins and minerals in the diet.

The role of the messenger in transcription.

• The messenger carries the blueprints from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

• The messenger synthesizes proteins in the ribosomes.

• The messenger replicates DNA in the nucleus.

• The messenger transports nutrients to the cell membrane.

Importance of amino acid order.

• It has no effect on protein function.

• It determines the protein's structure and function.

• It only affects the protein's color.

• It is only important for muscle growth.

Functions of the poly-A tail in mRNA.

• 
• Increases the rate of transcription

• Facilitates splicing of introns

• Promotes translation initiation

What happens to the mature mRNA transcript after post-transcriptional modifications?

• 
• It is degraded by exonucleases.

• It is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

• It is converted back into DNA by reverse transcriptase.

Sugar in RNA

• Ribose

• Deoxyribose

• Glucose

• Fructose

importance of RNA being single stranded

• RNA can form a double helix structure like DNA.

• RNA can still have a 3-dimensional shape despite being single stranded.

• RNA is more stable than DNA due to its single-stranded nature.

• RNA cannot be translated into proteins.

Base pairing in RNA

• Instead of thymine (T), RNA contains uracil (U). Base pairing rules: C with G; A with T.

• Instead of thymine (T), RNA contains uracil (U). Base pairing rules: C with A; G with U.

• Instead of thymine (T), RNA contains uracil (U). Base pairing rules: A with C; G with T.

• Instead of thymine (T), RNA contains uracil (U). Base pairing rules: C with C; A with G.

Introns

• 
• Coding sequences in a gene

• Proteins that assist in splicing

• Regions that code for amino acids

role of RNA Polymerase in elongation

• 
• It unwinds the DNA double helix to allow transcription.

• It terminates the transcription process by releasing the RNA strand.

• It repairs damaged RNA molecules during transcription.