J.J. Thomson's Charge-to-Mass Ratio Experiment

JJ Thompson's 1896 experiment determined the charge to mass ratio of an electron using a cathode ray tube. By applying electric and magnetic fields, he observed the deflection of cathode rays, leading to the discovery that electrons are negatively charged particles much lighter than hydrogen atoms. This experiment challenged the notion of atoms being indivisible, proving the existence of subatomic particles.

How did Thompson determine the charge to mass ratio of an electron?

What conclusion did Thompson draw about the nature of cathode rays?