Referenced Essay Basics

Match the following TERMS to Definitions

• repeating someone else's words

• sources

• short note recognizing a source of info

• collusion

• origin of information

• citation

• dishonest collaboration

• references

• full publication details of a text

• quotation

Organize these options into the right categories:Decide if you need to give a reference in the following cases.

Groups:

(a) YES

,

(b) NO

• A theory from a journal article

• A statistic from a government report

• An item of common knowledge

• An idea of your own based on reading several sources

• A graph from an internet article

• A quotation from a book

• Data you found from your own primary research

• A case study from a research paper

Which Reference systems do you know?

Answer explanation

There are various systems of referencing employed in the academic world, each used by different

subjects. Some disciplines (e.g. law) have their own special system (OSCOLA). Your teachers will

normally give you guidelines about which system you are expected to use, or you may find these on

your library website. With any system, the most important point is to be consistent (i.e. to use the same

font size and punctuation) throughout your work.

Skim the essay quickly and write a TITLE for the essay

Which two paragraphs do not contain a citation?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Answer explanation

The introduction and conclusion - Introductions should not

normally include a citation and conclusions should never

contain citations.

Which paragraph contains a direct quote?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Which citations are located after a paraphrase?

• Schaefer (2013)

• (Atkinson, 2015)

• Griffiths et al. (2017)

• Schaefer (2013)

• (Mooney et al., 2007)

Answer explanation

For citations that come after a paraphrase, both the author's

name and year of publication are enclosed in brackets. For

citations that come before a paraphrase, the author's name is

outside of the brackets, and the citation is usually introduced

by a phrase such as 'according to' or uses a reporting verb

such as 'claims' or 'explains'.

Which source has an editor rather than an author?

• Schaefer (2013)

• (Atkinson, 2015)

• Griffiths et al. (2017)

• Schaefer (2013)

• (Mooney et al., 2007)

Answer explanation

The abbreviation (Ed.) for publications

that contain multiple chapters written by different authors.

These usually have the editor's name shown on the cover.

Which source was written by an institutional author?

Answer explanation

University of North Carolina Department of Sociology (2021)

Is each source cited in the text of the essay included in the references?

• YES

• NO