Transcription Section 3 Notes

Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• All of the above

What is the primary function of mRNA in the cell?

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To form the structure of the ribosome

• To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Ligase

• Helicase

Which of the following statements correctly compares DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

• DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.

• DNA is found only in the cytoplasm, while RNA is found only in the nucleus.

• DNA and RNA both have the same sugar in their nucleotides.

Describe the process of transcription in eukaryotic cells.

• The DNA is replicated to form two identical copies.

• RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA and synthesizes RNA.

• Ribosomes translate mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

• tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome.

What is the significance of the promoter region in transcription?

• It signals the end of transcription.

• It is the site where ribosomes bind to initiate translation.

• It is the binding site for RNA polymerase to start transcription.

• It is the region where DNA replication begins.

Predict the consequences of a malfunction in RNA polymerase during transcription.

• The DNA will not be replicated.

• The mRNA will not be synthesized, leading to a lack of protein production.

• The ribosome will not be able to bind to mRNA.

• The tRNA will not be able to deliver amino acids.

Compare the stability of DNA and RNA molecules and explain the biological significance.

• DNA is less stable than RNA, which allows for rapid changes in genetic information.

• RNA is more stable than DNA, which is why it is used for long-term genetic storage.

• DNA is more stable than RNA, which is important for the long-term storage of genetic information.

• Both DNA and RNA have the same stability, which is crucial for their functions.

What is the main difference between the sugar components of DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains ribose, while RNA contains deoxyribose.

• DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

• Both DNA and RNA contain the same sugar.

• DNA contains glucose, while RNA contains ribose.

What enzyme in the nucleus helps mRNA form?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• pepsin

• nuclease