Coastal Systems and Processes L6th

Which of the following best describes dynamic equilibrium in a coastal system?

• A constant build-up of sediment over time

• The balance between inputs and outputs of energy and materials

• Rapid erosion due to increased storm events

• The movement of sediment between offshore and onshore zones

What is the main driver of longshore drift?

• Tidal range

• Prevailing wind direction

• Wave reflection

• Lithology

Which type of wave is most associated with beach accretion?

• Destructive waves

• Refracted waves

• Constructive waves

• Reflective waves

What is a defining characteristic of a high-energy coastal environment?

• Dominated by deposition

• Low wave energy and minimal erosion

• Presence of rocky coastlines and significant erosion

• Development of estuarine features

Which coastal feature is formed by flocculation?

• Sand dune

• Salt marsh

• Spit

• Wave-cut platform

Explain how lithology influences the formation of coastal landforms.

• Lithology determines the resistance of rocks to erosion and weathering, influencing the shape and stability of coastal landforms.

• Lithology has no impact on coastal landforms as they are primarily shaped by wave action.

• Lithology only affects the colour of coastal landforms, not their formation.

• Lithology influences the temperature of coastal waters, which in turn affects landform development.

Describe the role of offshore currents in sediment transport

• Offshore currents have no role in sediment transport.

• Offshore currents transport sediment parallel to the coast, redistributing it along the shoreline.

• Offshore currents only transport sediment away from the coast, leading to erosion.

• Offshore currents deposit sediment directly onto beaches, causing accretion.

Outline the key differences between constructive and destructive waves.

• Constructive waves have a strong backwash, while destructive waves have a strong swash.

• Constructive waves are associated with erosion, while destructive waves are associated with deposition.

• Constructive waves have a strong swash and build up beaches, while destructive waves have a strong backwash and erode beaches.

• Constructive waves occur during storms, while destructive waves occur during calm weather.

Identify and explain two human activities that impact coastal processes.

• Fishing and swimming

• Coastal development and beach nourishment

• Hiking and bird watching

• Sailing and surfing

Identify differences between high-energy and low-energy coastal environments, including their associated landforms.

• High-energy environments have sandy beaches, while low-energy environments have rocky cliffs.

• High-energy environments are characterised by significant erosion and rocky coastlines, while low-energy environments are dominated by deposition and sandy beaches.

• High-energy environments have estuaries, while low-energy environments have deltas.

• High-energy environments are found in sheltered bays, while low-energy environments are exposed to open seas.