Visual Optics II

According to theory of accommodation, which of the following occurs when the eye accommodates for near vision?

• Zonular fibers contract, increasing lens tension

• Ciliary muscle relaxes, increasing lens curvature
  

• Ciliary muscle contracts, reducing zonular tension and increasing lens convexity

• Lens undergoes axial elongation due to scleral stretching

During static retinoscopy, a neutral reflex is observed with a +1.50D lens in place. What is the patient's actual refractive status?

• +1.50D hyperopia
  

• Plano (emmetropia)

• −1.50D myopia
  

• 
  +3.00D hyperopia

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a "scissors reflex" during retinoscopy?

• Presbyopia
  

• 
  b) Hyperopia
  

• 
  c) Keratoconus
  

• 
  d) Simple myopia

A patient undergoing retinoscopy shows a dull, slow-moving with-motion reflex in all meridians. This finding is most consistent with:

• a) Myopia greater than −6.00D
  

• b) Moderate hyperopia
  

• c) Mixed astigmatism
  

• d) Aphakia

Which of the following clinical tests is most useful for assessing accommodative-convergence dysfunction?

• a) Maddox rod test
  

• b) AC/A ratio measurement
  

• 
  c) Von Graefe phoria test
  

• 
  d) Worth 4-dot test