Facial Expressions 25

Which of these sentences best explains why psychologists and anthropologists long believed facial expressions were universal?

• A. Psychologist Paul Ekman’s studies in Papua New Guinea suggested universal facial expressions.

• It seemed inherent to humans.

• Psychologist Carlos Crivelli’s studies in Papua New Guinea suggested universal facial expressions.

• The work of psychologist Alan Fridlund suggested universal facial expressions.

The evidence that Trobrianders read as “anger” an expression many Western cultures associate with “fear” mainly shows that .

• Trobrianders are often angry

• facial expressions may not be universal

• emotions don’t elicit natural physiological reactions

• scholars believe society is ready to change common ideas about emotions

Which of these inferences is best supported by the passage below?

Psychologist Carlos Crivelli was one of them. In 2011, he was working with his colleague, psychologist José-Miguel Fernández-Dols, at the Autonomous University of Madrid. Together, they came up with a plan to investigate Ekman’s initial research in Papua New Guinea. Crivelli and longtime friend and research partner, Sergio Jarillo, an anthropologist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, traveled to the Trobriand Islands off Papua New Guinea’s east coast, where about 60,000 indigenous Trobrianders live. These horticulturists and fishermen have been historically isolated from both mainland Papua New Guinea and the outside world. To learn all that they could, Crivelli and Jarillo embedded themselves in the local culture. They were adopted by host families and took clan names; Crivelli became “Kelakasi” and Jarillo, “Tonogwa.” They spent many months learning the local language, Kilivila.

• Crivelli felt that knowing Papua New Guinea’s culture first-hand was important to conducting his study.

• Crivelli was determined to do historical research on Papua New Guinea.

• Crivelli customarily learned different languages as part of his research.

• Crivelli made premature assumptions about facial expression.

Which of these sentences from the text best supports the correct answer to Question 3?

• Psychologist Carlos Crivelli was one of them.”

• Together, they came up with a plan to investigate Ekman’s initial research in Papua New Guinea.”

• These horticulturists and fishermen have been historically isolated from both mainland Papua New Guinea and the outside world.”

• “To learn all that they could, Crivelli and Jarillo embedded themselves in the local culture.”

Minimal most likely means

• the least possible

• the maximum possible

• stands out or easily seen

• technique or protocol

Methodology l most likely means

• Stand out or easily seen

• A type of science experiment

• Technique or protocol

• The Least Possible

Implication most likely means

• to implant something

• possibility of considering the circumstances

• stand out or easily seen.

• the least possible

Prominently most likely means:

stands out easily seen

• True

• False

Methodology most likely means:

• Technique or protocol

• a method of teaching

• the least amount

• to be seen or shown off

True or False: A pitchfork thesis statement contains the word by/because and has three reasons

• True

• False