Chapter 10 Review

The process by which species change over time is called ____________________.

• evolution
• Beagle
• food
• geology

Which of the following is a theory?

• an educated guess
• a very specific prediction
• observations made during the Voyage of the Beagle
• a broad explanation that has been scientifically tested and supported

Which of the following is the result of artificial selection?

• the rain-forest plants and animals
• the fish that live in the ocean
• the recognized breeds of dogs
• the weeds in a garden

The finches that Darwin studied differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, the finches probably

• came with those traits from South America.
• would become more similar over time.
• were descended from similar birds in Africa.
• had become adapted to eating different diets.

Refer to the illustration. An analysis of DNA from these organisms would indicate that

• they have identical DNA.
• they all have fingers.
• their nucleotide sequences show many similarities.
• they all have the same number of chromosomes.

Refer to the illustration. The bones labeled A are known as

• extinct structures.
• homologous structures.
• homozygous structures.
• fossil structures.

The major idea that Darwin presented in his book The Origin of Species was that

• species changed over time and never competed with each other.
• animals changed, but plants remained the same.
• elephants and bacteria changed constantly.
• species changed over time by natural selection.

Which of the following statements is not true about the steps of natural selection?

• Populations are able to overproduce.
• A small amount of variation can be attributed to inherited traits.
• The environment causes some individuals to leave more offspring than others.
• Adaptations for an environment become more common over time.

A trait that allows organisms to survive and reproduce better than others without the trait in a specific environment is a(n)

• accommodation.
• variation.
• adaptation.
• selection.

The study of developmental biology shows that

• closely related species will show similarities in embryos.
• if species have changed over time, their genes should have changed.
• closely related species will show similarities in amino acid sequences.
• distantly related species will show similarities in anatomy.