Development 3.6 a & b (definitions)

Which theory explains how different environmental systems influence human development?

• Attachment Theory

• Ecological Systems Theory

• Social Learning Theory

• Cognitive Development Theory

Answer explanation

Ecological Systems Theory explains how various environmental systems, such as family, school, and community, interact and influence human development, making it the correct choice for this question.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

What is the term for the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning around 8 months of age?

• Separation Anxiety

• Stranger Anxiety

• Social Phobia

• Attachment Anxiety

Answer explanation

The term for the fear of strangers that infants typically show, starting around 8 months, is called 'Stranger Anxiety'. This is a normal developmental stage where infants become wary of unfamiliar people.

Which type of attachment is characterized by a child feeling confident that their caregiver will meet their needs?

• Insecure Avoidant Attachment

• Secure Attachment

• Insecure Resistant Attachment

• Insecure Disorganized Attachment

Answer explanation

Secure Attachment is characterized by a child feeling confident that their caregiver will meet their needs, fostering a sense of safety and trust.

What type of attachment is characterized by a child avoiding or ignoring the caregiver, showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns?

• Secure Attachment

• Insecure Avoidant Attachment

• Insecure Resistant Attachment

• Insecure Disorganized Attachment

Answer explanation

Insecure Avoidant Attachment is characterized by a child who avoids or ignores the caregiver, displaying minimal emotional response to their departure or return, distinguishing it from other attachment styles.

Which attachment style is marked by a lack of a coherent style or pattern for coping with separation from the caregiver?

• Secure Attachment

• Insecure Avoidant Attachment

• Insecure Resistant Attachment

• Insecure Disorganized Attachment

Answer explanation

Insecure Disorganized Attachment is characterized by a lack of a consistent strategy for dealing with separation from the caregiver, leading to confusion and disorientation in attachment behaviors.

What is the term for the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an early-life critical period?

• Bonding

• Imprinting

• Conditioning

• Socialization

Answer explanation

The correct term is 'imprinting', which refers to the process where certain animals form strong attachments during a critical early-life period, often to a caregiver or parent figure.

What is the name of the experimental procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and child?

• Strange Situation

• Attachment Observation

• Secure Base Test

• Caregiver-Child Interaction

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Strange Situation', an experimental procedure by Mary Ainsworth designed to assess attachment styles between a caregiver and child through a series of separations and reunions.

Which term describes the characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity and intensity in an individual?

• Personality

• Temperament

• Mood

• Disposition

Answer explanation

Temperament refers to the innate characteristics of emotional reactivity and intensity in an individual, distinguishing it from broader concepts like personality, mood, or disposition.

What concept refers to the sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, often formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers?

• Basic Trust

• Secure Base

• Attachment Security

• Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer explanation

The concept of Basic Trust refers to the belief that the world is predictable and safe, developed in infancy through consistent and responsive caregiving. This foundational trust is crucial for healthy emotional development.

What is the term for an individual's understanding and evaluation of who they are?

• Self-Esteem

• Self-Concept

• Self-Identity

• Self-Perception

Answer explanation

The term 'Self-Concept' refers to an individual's understanding and evaluation of who they are, encompassing beliefs, values, and perceptions about oneself. It is distinct from self-esteem, identity, and perception.