INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

What is Statistics?

• a) Relevant information

• b) Involves scientific procedures and methods

• c) decision making process

• d) data are generated

Types of Statistics are:

• a) marketing and accounting

• b) descriptive and inferential statistic

• c) primary and secondary

• d) quantitative and qualitative

Inferential statistics is....

• a) a techniques to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.

• b) making generalization about population by analyzing the sample.

• c) is a techniques to implement a strategic plan.

• d) is a good representation of a population

Sample is different from population because...

• a) a set of items selected from the population

• b) a complete set

• c) a measuring variable for every unit in the population

• d) a study done before the actual framework

Example of quantitative data ..

• a) color of eyes

• b) numbers of chairs

• c) types of glasses

• d) marital status

A lecturer wants to know how students in the class did on their first semester final exam. He asks 15 students by calling their name from the class attendance list to state their CGPA result. He concludes from their report that the class did extremely well. What is the sample?

• Students in the first semester

• Staff and students at POLIMAS

• Students of all semesters

• 15 students in the first semester

Descriptive statistics

• use data from a sample to answer questions about population.

• allow you to generalize beyond the data at hand.

• summarize and describe data.

Which of the following statements are true?

I. All variable can be classified as quantitative or categorical variables.

II. Categorical variables can be continuous variable.

III. Quantitative variables can be discrete variables.

• i only

• ii only

• iii only

• i and iii

• i and ii

Our data come from_____ , but we really care most about____.

• theories; mathematical models

• subjective methods; objective methods

• samples; populations

• populations; samples

Identify the data set’s level of measurement:

The IQ scores of students in a class.

• A. Nominal

• B. Ordinal

• C. Interval

• D. Ratio