Bio II Test

How did the experiments by Griffith, Avery, Hershey and Chase confirm that DNA is our genetic material?

• Griffith’s experiment showed that protein could transfer genetic material between bacteria, while Avery demonstrated that RNA is the genetic material.
• The Hershey-Chase experiment confirmed that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material by transformation radioactively labeled phosphorus in viruses.
• Avery’s experiment showed that proteins are the key molecules involved in inheritance, while Griffith’s experiment only showed bacterial transformation.
• Hershey and Chase’s experiments proved that RNA, not DNA, is responsible for inheritance by tagging it with radioactive markers.

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Who discovered the structure of DNA and when?

• Albert Einstein, in 1920
• Rosalind Franklin, in 1951
• James Watson and Francis Crick, in 1953
• Gregor Mendel, in 1865

Briefly describe the structure of DNA.

• DNA is a single-stranded molecule that forms a loop to carry genetic information.
• DNA is made up of amino acids arranged in a linear sequence.
• DNA consists of two strands twisted into a double helix, with sugar-phosphate backbones and nitrogenous base pairs.
• DNA is composed of three strands, each holding a unique genetic code.

What nitrogen bases are complementary to each other?

• Adenine pairs with Cytosine, and Guanine pairs with Thymine.
• Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Uracil.
• Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
• Cytosine pairs with Uracil, and Thymine pairs with Adenine.

What does it mean when we say that the DNA strands are anti parallel?

• The two DNA strands are identical and run in the same direction.
• The two DNA strands run in opposite directions, with one running 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.
• The two DNA strands are connected by hydrogen bonds between the sugars.
• The two DNA strands are parallel, but the nitrogenous bases are flipped upside down.

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

• Purines are single-ring structures, while pyrimidines are double-ring structures.
• Purines include adenine and guanine, while pyrimidines include thymine, cytosine, and uracil.
• Purines are found only in RNA, while pyrimidines are found only in DNA.
• Purines are larger than pyrimidines, but pyrimidines are more important in the genetic code.

What bases are purines?

• Adenine and Thymine
• Cytosine and Guanine
• Adenine and Guanine
• Thymine and Uracil

What bases are pyrimidines?

• Adenine and Guanine
• Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil
• Adenine and Thymine
• Guanine and Uracil

What is a gene?

• A sequence of proteins that control cell metabolism.
• A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein.
• A structure that carries out cellular respiration.
• A type of RNA that assists in protein synthesis.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a genome?

• A type of protein that helps with DNA replication.
• The complete set of an organism's genes and genetic material.
• A part of the cell responsible for protein synthesis.
• A structure that packages DNA into chromosomes.

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