12 Processing model of memory

Name the researchers who devised the multi store model of memory.

• Baddeley and Hitch

• Atkinson and Shiffrin

• Miller and Sperling

• Ebbinghaus and Tulving

Label the two sections, marked X and Y, of the multi store model on the diagram.

• X: Sensory Memory, Y: Long-term Memory

• X: Long-term Memory, Y: Sensory Memory

• X: Working Memory, Y: Sensory Memory

• X: Sensory Memory, Y: Working Memory

State both the duration and capacity of your response to X in part (b).

• Duration: 0.5-2 seconds, Capacity: 7±2 items

• Duration: 15-30 seconds, Capacity: Unlimited

• Duration: 0.5-2 seconds, Capacity: Large

• Duration: 1-2 minutes, Capacity: 5-9 items

In 1974, who devised the working memory model as an alternative model for the short-term memory store?

• Atkinson and Shiffrin

• Baddeley and Hitch

• Miller and Sperling

• Ebbinghaus and Tulving

Contrast two different aspects of short-term memory and working memory.

• Short-term memory is static; working memory is dynamic.

• Short-term memory has unlimited capacity; working memory has limited capacity.

• Short-term memory is long-lasting; working memory is short-lasting.

• Short-term memory is conscious; working memory is unconscious.

State both the duration and capacity of the sensory register/memory.

• Duration: less than one second to three seconds, Capacity: unlimited

• Duration: five to ten seconds, Capacity: limited

• Duration: one to two minutes, Capacity: limited

• Duration: ten to twenty seconds, Capacity: unlimited

Contrast two different aspects of short-term memory and working memory.

• STM is a single-component system, working memory is multi-component

• STM uses active maintenance, working memory uses passive maintenance

• STM is measured using complex span tasks, working memory uses simple span tasks

• STM is a multi-component system, working memory is single-component

Who proposed the levels of processing model of memory?

• Craik and Lockhart

• Smith and Jones

• Miller and Brown

• Johnson and Taylor

What type of processing involves structural and phonemic analysis?

• Shallow processing

• Deep processing

• Semantic processing

• Elaborative processing

Which study focused on the depth of processing and retention of words in episodic memory?

• Craik and Tulving, 1975

• Smith and Brown, 1980

• Johnson and Lee, 1990

• Miller and Davis, 1965