AP Psych Topic 4A.3

Daria provides alternative viewpoints for ideas proposed during the student council meeting. The most likely consequence of her critiques is that they will

• encourage the out‑group homogeneity effect

• decrease the chance that cognitive dissonance will take place

• prevent groupthink

• lead to greater social facilitation

Which of the following examples best represents altruism?

• Booker stops to help someone even though it puts him in danger.

• Darby helps his boss in order to get some overtime pay.

• Josie forms a study group to hold herself accountable for studying.

• Sammy helps a friend move because the friend previously helped Sammy move.

A basic assumption underlying the definition of groupthink is that

• more reasonable decisions are made by groups than by individuals

• group members desire peace and harmony within the group

• group members are primarily interested in their own advancement within the group

• decisions made by groups of people tend to be more extreme than those made by individuals

The primary difference between the central route and the peripheral route to persuasion is whether the persuasion focuses on

• internal attributions

• social roles

• historical events

• the content of the message

Katie wants a new phone but is worried that her parents might not buy the one she wants. She asks her parents to purchase the most expensive phone in the store. When they refuse, she asks for the less expensive phone she wanted to begin with. Katie’s strategy is an example of

• the foot-in-the-door technique

• the door-in-the-face technique

• lowballing

• informational social influence

Frank comes out of his monthly meeting of conspiracy theorists even more convinced than ever that there is a secret group trying to take over the world. Frank’s experience best illustrates

• cognitive dissonance

• social facilitation

• deindividuation

• group polarization

A group of fans with painted faces attend a crowded football game where they feel anonymous and begin a chant using offensive words that they do not typically use. Which of the following concepts best explains their behavior?

• Deindividuation

• Social loafing

• Informational social influence

• Ethnocentrism

Which of the following best illustrates group polarization?

• After the pep rally, the students in the school had even more school spirit.

• Because Trisha assumed everyone in her group would not do a good job, she did very little work on the group project.

• Kima put on a mascot costume. After she did so, she began to taunt and yell at opposing fans at a hockey game.

• Everyone agreed to purchase a vanilla cake for the party because they did not want to go against the initial suggestion of vanilla. So everyone ended up eating the cake even though they did not like it.

Which of the following examples describes groupthink?

• Company policy mandates that all employees wear khaki pants, so the employees all wear khaki pants.

• The employees of a company did not want to disagree with one another by sharing their true opinions on paint colors, so the office was painted an ugly beige color.

• A professor drops a stack of papers in a crowded hallway, and no one offers assistance.

• Josiah runs slower for a relay race than he does when he is running individually.

Kelly sees her acquaintance Carly help another student who dropped her books in the hallway. When asked about Carly later, Kelly says that she is not only helpful, but she is also generous, smart, and attractive. Which of the following best explains why Kelly describes Carly with additional positive qualities?

• Actor-observer bias

• The halo effect

• Normative social influence

• Social facilitation