STAAR Mechanisms of Genetics

Where is the genetic code primarily located?

• Ribose sugars in RNA

• Phosphates in DNA

• Nucleotides in DNA

• Exons in RNA

What factor most directly determines the amino acids that are combined to create albumin?

• The temperature of the cell when translation is taking place

• The number of chromosomes in a cell

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• The amount of energy that is available in the cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which base sequence correctly completes DNA Strand 2?

• A T A C G T

• G C G T A C

• C G C A T G

• T A T G C A

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the amino acid sequence that will be translated from the mRNA sequence? mRNA Sequence: 5' UGC UAC AGA ACC 3'

• Threonine - Isoleucine - Serine - Tryptophan

• Cysteine - Tyrosine - Arginine - Threonine

• Serine - Methionine - Tyrosine - Tryptophan

• Proline - Arginine - Histidine - Arginine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which description identifies the purpose of Step A in this process?

• To correct mutations in the DNA sequence

• To produce an exact copy of the DNA molecule

• To copy the DNA of a gene sequence onto a strand of mRNA

• To assist in the folding of a protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A DNA mutation results in a protein that is the same as the initial protein synthesized before the mutation. Which statement BEST explains this outcome?

• One amino acid substitution does not affect protein synthesis.

• Different codons can be translated into the same amino acid, so some mutations do not affect protein synthesis.

• Only mutations that occur at the chromosomal level change protein function.

• Amino acids have similar functions, so their corresponding proteins are unaffected by mutations.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Two mutations of a genetic sequence are shown. A DNA codon chart is also shown. Which mutation would have the MOST significant impact on the gene product?

Answer explanation

The mutation that causes a frameshift or introduces a premature stop codon would have the most significant impact on the gene product, as it alters the entire amino acid sequence downstream, potentially leading to a nonfunctional protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Label the nucleotide

a

b

c

Nitrogenous base

Sugar

Phosphate

Name this structure

• double helix

• nucelotide

• twisted ladder

• hydrogen bond

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1