Chapter 2

What was the collective term for Filipinos who held local leadership positions and belonged to the indigenous elite class?

Which city became the center of Philippine international trade after the opening of the country to global commerce in 1834?

Which social class held the highest political and administrative positions in Spanish colonial society?

What was the primary economic system that connected Manila to Acapulco, Mexico?

A waterway engineering project that shortened the travel time between the Philippines and Europe, allowing for the faster exchange of goods and ideas.

Which Philippine social class emerged from mixed Spanish and indigenous ancestry and gained economic influence?

What was the name of the trade company established in 1785 to promote economic development in the Philippines?

These were crops grown primarily for export and commercial profit rather than local consumption.

Which decree established a public education system in the Philippines in 1863?

A reform that aimed to modernize the Spanish Empire's administration and enhance its economic control over colonies, including the Philippines.