Histology: cardiovascular

Which of the following is NOT a major layer of the heart?

• Endocardium

• Myocardium

• Epicardium

• Pericardium

What type of tissue primarily makes up the myocardium?

• Skeletal muscle fibers

• Smooth muscle fibers

• Cardiac muscle fibers

• Dense connective tissue

The endocardium consists of which main components?

• Endothelium, fibroelastic connective tissue, and Purkinje fibers

• Smooth muscle fibers, connective tissue, and adipose tissue

• Skeletal muscle, collagen, and nerve fibers

• Elastic fibers, fibroblasts, and simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Purkinje fibers?

• They are responsible for oxygen exchange

• They contain large amounts of glycogen

• They are found only in the atria

• They are composed of dense connective tissue

The cardiac skeleton consists of:

• 4 fibrous rings, 2 fibrous trigones, and membranous parts of septa

• Only fibrocartilage and elastic fibers

• Dense irregular connective tissue without any elastic component

• A network of smooth muscle and collagen fibers

Which layer of blood vessels functions as a semipermeable barrier?

• Tunica adventitia

• Tunica media

• Tunica intima

• Vasa vasorum

The main function of the tunica media in arteries is:

• Providing tensile strength

• Controlling vessel diameter

• Allowing diffusion of oxygen

• Absorbing nutrients

What is a distinguishing feature of elastic arteries?

• Thick tunica adventitia with abundant elastic fibers

• Large amounts of vascular smooth muscle and minimal elastic tissue

• Tunica media contains elastic lamellae separated by smooth muscle cells

• Thin tunica media with a prominent internal elastic membrane

Which of the following correctly describes muscular arteries?

• They have a thick tunica media with abundant smooth muscle

• They lack an internal elastic membrane

• Their tunica intima is significantly thicker than in elastic arteries

• They have fewer than three layers of smooth muscle

Capillaries are composed of:

• Three tunics: intima, media, and adventitia

• Only endothelial cells and pericytes

• A single layer of smooth muscle

• Collagen, fibroblasts, and elastic fibers