OSM Force, Motion and Energy 2 SOL Review

A car travels at a constant speed of 15 m/s for 2 minutes. The car increases its speed from 15 to 25 m/s during the next minute and then travels at a constant speed of 25 m/s for 2 more minutes. Which of the following graphs best represents the car’s motion during this 5-minute period?

• F

• G

• H

• J

Which action represents a conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy?

• Pancakes reheated in a microwave oven

• Soup beginning to boil on a stove

• A grasshopper jumping from a predator

• Sunlight melting an icicle

The diagram shows how a cylinder in a car engine causes the car to move. Which description of the energy conversions in this process is correct?

• The chemical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to thermal energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

• The mechanical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The electrical energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to mechanical energy, which is then converted to thermal energy.

• The thermal energy in the fuel-air mixture is converted to electrical energy, which is then converted to mechanical energy.

Students build a circuit. The circuit has wires that connect a battery to a switch and a fan. Which energy transformations happen when the students close the circuit and the blades of the fan begin to spin?

• Chemical to mechanical to electrical

• Electrical to chemical to mechanical

• Chemical to electrical to mechanical

• Mechanical to electrical to chemical

The blades of a wind turbine are at rest until the movement of air causes the blades to spin. Which energy transformation happens when the blades are spinning as shown?

• Electrical to mechanical

• Chemical to electrical

• Mechanical to electrical

• Chemical to mechanical

Which statement describes the energy changes that occur when water in a tea kettle is heated on a stove that uses natural gas?

• Some of the chemical energy in the natural gas transforms into thermal energy, which heats the water. Then some of the thermal energy changes into sound energy when the water forms steam and the steam leaves the kettle.

• Some of the thermal energy in the natural gas transforms into sound energy when the water becomes hot. Then some of the sound energy changes into light energy when the kettle becomes warm.

• Some of the electrical energy in the natural gas transforms into thermal energy, which causes the water to form steam. Then some of the thermal energy changes into sound energy and light energy when the steam leaves the kettle.

• Some of the light energy in the natural gas transforms into chemical energy in the water. Then some of the chemical energy changes into kinetic energy when steam leaves the kettle and into sound energy when the water boils.

A cook heats a meal in a microwave oven. What energy transformations occur between the microwave oven and the meal?

• A) Electrical energy ⟶ light energy ⟶ chemical energy

• B) Chemical energy ⟶ thermal energy ⟶ light energy

• C) Electrical energy ⟶ electromagnetic energy ⟶ thermal energy

• D) Chemical energy ⟶ electromagnetic energy ⟶ chemical energy

A teacher rubbed a match against a piece of sandpaper. The match started to burn. Which statement best describes the energy changes that occurred?

• The chemical energy stored in the match changed to thermal energy and light energy.

• The thermal energy stored in the match changed to light energy and chemical energy.

• The light energy and thermal energy stored in the match changed to mechanical energy.

• The light energy and thermal energy stored in the match changed to chemical energy.

The main parts of a working clothes dryer are shown in the diagram. This appliance dries clothes primarily by converting —

• A. electrical energy to heat and mechanical energy

• B. mechanical energy to heat and electrical energy

• C. electrical energy to heat and light

• D. mechanical energy to heat and vaporization

When a lion eats a zebra and then uses the energy from the zebra to run, the lion’s body converts —

• A. chemical energy to mechanical energy

• B. electrical energy to chemical energy

• C. chemical energy to light energy

• D. mechanical energy to chemical energy