Bone and Muscle Quiz

Aiden is studying the growth of long bones in his biology class. He learns that the increase in the length of a long bone primarily takes place at a specific location. Where does this increase occur?

• Diaphysis

• Epiphyseal plate

• Medullary cavity

• Cartilaginous plate

Which cells are responsible for the formation of new bone tissue?

• Osteons

• Osteocytes

• Osteoclasts

• Osteoblasts

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the axial skeleton?

• Skull

• Sternum

• Humerus

• Vertebrae

The blood vessels of compact bone are located in the

• Lacunae

• Canaliculi

• Periosteum

• Central canal

What is a sarcomere?

• A section of myofibril

• Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

• Plasma membrane of a muscle cell

• Bundle of thick and thin myofilament

What causes the myosin binding site of an actin molecule to be exposed?

• Calcium ions attaching to troponin

• ATP attaching to the myosin cross-bridge

• Acetylcholine crossing the neuromuscular junction

• A nerve impulse reaching the motor end plate of a motor nerve.

What is the role of Ca²⁺ in muscle contraction?

• Binds to troponin, altering its shape.

• Binds to actin, triggering the power stroke.

• Activates myosin by attaching to its binding site.

• Generates an action potential along the sarcolemma.

Which of the following is a primary role of the skeletal system?

• Producing hormones

• Transporting oxygen to tissues

• Regulating body temperature

• Providing structural support to the body

During a basketball game, James noticed that the players' movements were smooth. What is the primary role of muscle tendons in relation to their joints?

• Produce movement by contracting

• Absorb shock and prevent injuries

• Store energy for muscle contraction

• Reinforce the joint and allow free movement

During a soccer match, Noah takes a hard fall and lands on the ground. How does the muscular system protect his internal organs in this situation?

• Allowing facial expressions

• Controlling joint movement

• Acting as a shock absorber

• Regulating blood vessel diameter