pisa

Q1. Select which of the following effects are shown by the diagram if dingos are introduced:

Note: Select three (3).

• A. Large herbivore numbers will decrease.

• B. Plant biomass will increase

• C. Rufous hare-wallaby populations will decrease.

• D. Small vertebrate numbers will increase.

Q2. Which of the following is shown in the diagram?

Note: Select three (3).

• A. Fox and cat population will decrease because they are preyed on by the dingo.

• B. Dingos will have a direct effect on number of foxes and cats large herbivores.

• C. The Rufous hare-wallaby will increase in numbers so the numbers of foxes and cats will increase.

• D. Plant biomass will increase because dingo will reduce the numbers of herbivores.

Q3. The following objections have been written in media releases, which of these could be investigated by the scientists?

• Dingos are just wild dog and pests

• Dingos carry disease that can be dangerous to cattle

• Dingo predation will endanger the koala population

• Dingos will frighten tourists away

• Dingos will bread and overrun the park

Q4. In debating this issue, which of the following arguments could be made through scientific evidence?

• A. Dingos have important cultural value for the indigenous people who run the park

• B. The dingo should not be considered a native species because it was originally brought from Australia by the indigenous population

• C. The arguments for introducing dingos based on the experience of wolf introduction are possibly flawed because of the different environment conditions

Q5. Consider the statements below based from various sources. Which of the following sources you think can be trusted?

• A. An article discussing the science, in a magazine of the Farmers Federation

• B. An article on 'tourism weekly' about the park and the issue

• C. A government report that summarizes the relevant scientific reports in reputable journals

• D. A local newspaper report of evidence presented at the local council meeting

Q6. Most migratory birds gather in one area and then migrate in large groups rather than individually. This behavior is a result of evolution. Which of the following is the best scientific explanation for the evolution of this behavior in most migratory birds?

• A. Birds that migrate individually or in small groups were more likely to find adequate food.

• B. Flying in large group allowed other bird species to join the migration.

• C. Birds that migrate individually or in small groups were less likely to survive and have offspring.

• D. Flying in large group allowed each bird to have a better chance of finding a nesting site.

Which of the following factors might make the volunteers' counts of migrating birds inaccurate?

Note: Select at least two (2).

• Human error: Volunteers may misidentify bird species or accidentally count the same birds multiple times.

• Bird movement patterns: Birds may fly at high altitudes, in large flocks, or at fast speeds, making counting difficult.

• The color of the birds: Birds' colors do not affect the ability to count them accurately.

• The birds' migration being planned by humans: Bird migration is a natural phenomenon, not controlled by humans.

Q8. Which statements about the golden plover's migration do the maps support?

Note: Select at least two (2).

• A. The maps show that the migratory routes of the golden plover have shifted away from coastal areas in the past ten years.

• B. The maps show a decrease in the number of golden plovers migrating southward in the past ten years.

• C. The maps show that the northward migratory routes of some golden plovers are different from southward migratory routes.

• D. The maps show that the migratory golden plovers spend their winter in areas that are south and southwest of their breeding and nesting grounds.

Q9. A runner runs for one hour on a hot, dry day (air temperature 40°C, air humidity of 20%). The runner does not drink any water. What health danger does the runner encounter by running under these conditions?

• A. Dehydration

• B. Heat Stroke

• C. Frostbite

• D. Hypothermia

Q10. A runner runs for an hour on a hot and humid day (air temperature 35°C, air humidity of 60%) without drinking any water. This runner is at risk of both dehydration and heat stroke. What would be the effect of drinking water during the run on the runner's risk of dehydration and heat stroke?

• A. Drinking water would reduce the risk of both heat stroke and dehydration.

• B. Drinking water would not reduce the risk of both heat stroke and dehydration.

• C. Drinking water would reduce heat stroke but not dehydration.

• D. Drinking water would reduce dehydration but not heat stroke.