ECUMENICAL COUNCILS TEST

The importance of the first ____ Ecumenical Councils of the Church stem from the fact that a full "split" between Eastern and Western Christianity had not yet arisen.

• FOUR (4)

• FIVE (5)

• SIX (6)

• SEVEN (7)

During the time of these first Ecumenical Councils:

• "Catholic" meant "Portestant" and "Protestant" meant "Catholic"

• "Catholic" meant "Jewish" and "Jewish" meant "Catholic"

• "Catholic" meant "Latin" and "Latin" meant "Catholic

• "Catholic" meant "Orthodox" and "Orthodox" meant "Catholic

An Ecumenical Council is distinctly defined as:

• A meeting of the Pope with world political leaders to discuss important matters relating to the Church

• A meeting of the Pope & his Cardinals to discuss important matters relating to the Church

• A meeting of Bishops, to which ALL bishops are invited, to discuss important matters relating to the Church

• A meeting of Bishops, which ALL bishops are required to attend, to discuss important matters relating to the Church

This expression is typically included in the canons (or official decrees) of Councils, whenever a clear “line-in-the-sand” is needed to distinguish what is Catholic & Orthodox from what is heretical. It basically means, “Any person who agrees with the heretical statement mentioned just before this, is no longer in communion with the Church."

• Anathema Sit

• Sic Semper Tyrannis

• Sic Itur Ad Astra

• Vires, Artes, Mores

NAME THAT HERESY! This heresy said that the Son was “two PERSONS:” a “human person” (the man, Jesus of Nazareth) & a “divine person” (the Son of the Father). This would mean that either Jesus had “multiple personalities,” OR that the Son’s divinity basically “took over”/“hijacked” a separate human person’s body.

• Iconoclasm

• Monophysitism

• Nestorianism

• Pelagianism

NAME THAT HERESY! This heresy said that there IS no “original sin,” and therefore no need for infant baptism. It says that we have perfect free will, with no “damage” to it, and therefore, that we CAN "earn" our own salvation by means of our own, unaided human efforts.

• Iconoclasm

• Monophysitism

• Nestorianism

• Pelagianism

NAME THAT HERESY! This heresy said that Jesus had only one NATURE, and that it was a FUSION of the human nature & the divine nature.

• Iconoclasm

• Monophysitism

• Monothelitism

• Pelagianism

NAME THAT HERESY! This heresy said that as of the Incarnation, Jesus had only one WILL, because the human and divine wills had, in some way, "fused together" into something else, with no sense of the human will being subject to the divine will.

• Iconoclasm

• Monophysitism

• Monothelitism

• Pelagianism

NAME THAT HERESY! This heresy claimed that Christ was NOT of the same substance as the Father, but was in some way “lesser” than the Father, or at least “different” in an essential way.

• Arianism

• Iconoclasm

• Monophysitism

• Pneumatomachianism/Macedonianism

NAME THAT HERESY! This heresy argues that the Holy Spirit is either a mere “creation” of the Son, or that He is in some way “lesser-than” either the Father or the Son.

• Arianism

• Iconoclasm

• Monophysitism

• Pneumatomachianism/Macedonianism