6.1 Vocabulary

Nucleotide

• A type of protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

• The basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA.

• A molecule that stores energy in cells.

• A carbohydrate that provides structural support in plants.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

• A type of RNA that helps in the synthesis of DNA.

• A type of RNA that, together with proteins, makes up the ribosomes. It plays a role in translating mRNA into proteins.

• A type of RNA that is involved in the transport of amino acids.

• A type of RNA that is responsible for the replication of viruses.

Double Helix

• A structure formed by single-stranded molecules of nucleic acids.

• A structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA. It consists of two intertwined strands. Spiral staircase

• A type of protein structure that is folded into a helix.

• A linear arrangement of nucleotides in a single strand.

tRNA (transfer RNA)

• A type of RNA that helps pick up and transport the correct amino acid to the ribosome

• A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• A type of RNA that is involved in the replication of DNA

• A type of RNA that helps in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Gene

• A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or set of proteins.

• A type of RNA that helps in protein synthesis.

• A molecule that carries genetic information from one generation to the next.

• A structure within a cell that produces energy.

Hydrogen Bond

• A type of strong chemical bond found in metals.

• A type of weak chemical bond that is responsible for the base pairing in the DNA double helix.

• A bond that occurs between two non-metal atoms only.

• A type of ionic bond that forms between charged particles.

Complementary Strand

• A strand of DNA that is complementary to another strand, meaning that the bases pair in a specific way (A with T, and C with G).

• A type of RNA that helps in protein synthesis.

• A strand of DNA that is identical to another strand.

• A segment of DNA that does not code for proteins.

Ribosome

• A complex molecular machine found within all living cells that performs biological protein synthesis (translation).

• A type of organelle responsible for energy production in cells.

• A structure that stores genetic information in the form of DNA.

• A membrane-bound structure that helps in detoxifying harmful substances.

mRNA (messenger RNA)

• A type of RNA that carries genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm

• A type of RNA that helps in protein synthesis by bringing amino acids

• A type of RNA that is involved in the replication of DNA

• A type of RNA that regulates gene expression

DNA Replication

• The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

• The process of converting RNA into DNA.

• The mechanism by which proteins are synthesized from amino acids.

• The method of repairing damaged DNA strands.