Psychology and Development Vocabulary

Genetic factors are inherited traits that contribute to individual experiences by influencing behavior.

• They are solely environmental influences.

• They are inherited traits that predispose people to experiences.

• They are random and unpredictable events.

• They only affect physical characteristics.

The activation or silencing of genes is caused by:

• DNA mutations

• Experiences (Epigenetics)

• Protein synthesis

• Signal transduction

Which of the following statements best represents the concept of Tabula Rasa in relation to mind and traits development?

• The mind is a blank slate at birth and all traits are acquired through experience.

• The mind is pre-determined genetically and remains unchanged by experience.

• The mind is formed entirely by socio-cultural influences and external factors.

• The mind is shaped primarily by innate instincts and pre-programmed behavior.

Describe the development of vision in infants.

• It remains constant after birth.

• 2 days - bias toward looking at faces and ~1 year - face recognition develops in bias towards own race

• It regresses after initial improvements.

hearing development

• Early preference for parent’s voices, Perception of phonemes (units of speech) develops in bias towards own language

• Infants' hearing develops instantly at birth with no further changes.

• Infants' hearing is fully developed at birth.

• Hearing development in infants does not follow any fixed pattern.

Synesthesia is

• a sensation caused by a stimulus in a different sensory modality.

• motor skill failure

• a reaction to stimulants

Measure heritability is:

• How much the variance of a trait is due to variance in genes

• The sum of genotype and phenotype variance.

• Analysis of genetic markers.

• Influence of environmental conditions alone.

What is a characteristic of a cross-sectional study in research?

• It involves collecting data at multiple time points.

• It is an observational study with data collected at one specific time point.

• It focuses on qualitative data from individual case studies.

• It is an experimental design with control groups.

Select the correct explanation of the longitudinal design in developmental studies.

• It is a design that mixes cross-sectional and sequential methods

• It is a design that compares different age groups at a single point in time.

• It is a design where participants are studied only once to capture a snapshot of development.

• It is a design exclusively used in cross-sectional research.

Sequential design in research is a process that:

• A research design that involves sequential testing of hypotheses based on accumulating data.

• A research method where all data is collected at once and analyzed later.

• A type of design that follows a predetermined order without any modifications.

• A research process that studies participants throughout the course of their development