Philosophical Reasoning and Argumentation

What is the primary difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

• Inductive reasoning provides certainty, while deductive reasoning does not.

• Deductive reasoning provides certainty, while inductive reasoning deals with probabilities.

• Inductive reasoning is based on specific premises leading to a general conclusion.

• Deductive reasoning is based on probabilities and likelihoods.

Why might you expect a new Marvel movie to be entertaining?

• Because all movies are entertaining.

• Because you have read good reviews about it.

• Because Marvel movies are always critically acclaimed.

• Because you have liked most Marvel movies in the past.

What does the 'grue' thought experiment illustrate about inductive reasoning?

• Inductive reasoning always leads to true conclusions.

• Inductive reasoning is always reliable.

• Inductive reasoning can sometimes lead to contradictory conclusions.

• Inductive reasoning is the same as deductive reasoning.

What is abduction often described as?

• A type of logical fallacy.

• A method of predicting the future.

• A form of deductive reasoning.

• Inference to the best explanation.

How does abduction differ from induction and deduction?

• Abduction provides certainty, unlike induction and deduction.

• Abduction is based on past experiences only.

• Abduction is a form of guessing without evidence.

• Abduction reasons by ruling out possibilities to find the most plausible explanation.

What is the Socratic method primarily used for?

• Finding truth through dialogue.

• Avoiding counterarguments.

• Winning arguments.

• Memorizing philosophical texts.

In philosophical discourse, what is a counterargument?

• An argument that repeats the original claim.

• An argument that supports the original claim.

• An argument that opposes another argument.

• An argument that is irrelevant to the discussion.

What is the role of interlocutors in philosophical arguments?

• To memorize philosophical texts.

• To avoid discussing controversial topics.

• To agree with each other without question.

• To present and challenge arguments to find truth.

Why is it important for philosophers to engage in counterarguments?

• To refine and strengthen their beliefs.

• To prove their superiority over others.

• To avoid any form of disagreement.

• To memorize more philosophical theories.

What is the ultimate goal of philosophical argumentation according to the Socratic method?

• To win debates.

• To memorize philosophical texts.

• To find truth and understanding.

• To confuse the opponent.