Buffer Solutions and Acid-Base Reactions

The video explores acid rain, its formation, and its environmental impact, particularly on waterways. It highlights the Clark Fork River's natural buffering system, which protects it from acidification. The concept of buffer solutions is explained, including their composition and role in maintaining pH balance. The video demonstrates how to calculate pH changes in buffered solutions and discusses the importance of buffering in various real-world contexts, such as environmental protection and human health.

What causes acid rain to form?

• Ozone reacting with water in the air

• Sulfur dioxide reacting with water in the air

• Carbon dioxide reacting with water in the air

• Nitrogen dioxide reacting with water in the air

Why is the Clark Fork River less affected by acid rain?

• It has a high concentration of fish

• It is protected by limestone

• It has a high flow rate

• It is located in a dry area

What is a buffer solution composed of?

• A weak acid and its conjugate base

• A neutral solution

• A strong base and its conjugate acid

• A strong acid and a strong base

Why are weak acids and bases effective as buffers?

• They have a high pH

• They partially dissociate, allowing them to act as a source or sink for protons

• They are highly reactive

• They fully dissociate in water

What is the purpose of a RICE table in buffer calculations?

• To measure the temperature of a solution

• To calculate the volume of a solution

• To track the concentrations of reactants and products

• To determine the color change of an indicator

How does a buffer resist changes in pH when a strong acid is added?

• By evaporating the water

• By diluting the solution

• By using up the added hydrogen ions

• By increasing the temperature

What role does calcium carbonate play in the Clark Fork River's buffering system?

• It decreases the river's temperature

• It absorbs sunlight

• It reacts with protons to form bicarbonate ions

• It increases the river's flow rate

What is buffering capacity?

• The ability of a solution to change color

• The speed at which a reaction occurs

• The threshold at which a buffer can no longer resist pH changes

• The volume of a solution

What is the purpose of a burette in a titration experiment?

• To heat the solution

• To measure the pH directly

• To dispense liquids in a controlled manner

• To stir the solution

What does the endpoint of a pH indicator signify?

• The solution has evaporated completely

• The solution has reached its freezing point

• The solution has reached its boiling point

• The solution has reached a specific pH